Sex differences: Differential access to power or sex-role socialization?

Thompson, Martha E.

doi:10.1007/bf00288069

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several empirical studies support the assertion that social hierarchy underlies sex differences in various domains of behavior, for example, sex stereotyping in TV commercials (Geis, Brown, Jennings, & Corrado-Taylor, 1984); actors' distributions of resources and their participation in negotiations (Thompson, 1981); and speech patterns in conversation (Kollock, Blumstein, & Schwartz, 1985). In two major review articles, Meeker and Weitzel-O'Neill (1977) and Eagly (1983) also argue that social status and power are the sources of sex differences in role-differentiation in task-oriented groups and in social influence and influenceability, respectively.…”

Section: Determinants Of the Use Of Influence Tacticsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sex, power, and influence tactics in intimate relationships.

Howard¹,

Blumstein²,

Schwartz³

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

188

134

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We examined the relative influence of sex, sex role orientation, structural power, and interpersonal dependence on the use of influence tactics in 235 naturally occurring same-sex and cross-sex intimate relationships. Six dimensions of influence tactics were identified: manipulation, supplication, bullying, autocracy, disengagement, and bargaining. We found several patterns of the effect of interpersonal power on influence tactics. First, positions of weakness were found to increase the use of supplication and manipulation, both "weak" strategies. We also found that positions of strength increase somewhat the likelihood of bullying and the use of autocratic tactics, both "strong" strategies. Patterns of bargaining and the use of disengagement are more complex and vary across couple types. Both sex and sex role orientation have consistent effects on influence dynamics, but these effects are limited primarily to the use of weak tactics.

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Section: Determinants Of the Use Of Influence Tacticsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sex, power, and influence tactics in intimate relationships.

Howard¹,

Blumstein²,

Schwartz³

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

188

134

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“…In comparison to women, men have had easier access to sources of influence, such as money and position, and more opportunity to exercise power over others. This important experiential difference has no doubt led to the conclusion, if not the fact, that the existing gender differences in the use of power is related to sex role socialization processes (Johnson, 1976(Johnson, , 1978, gender-appropriate expectations of male and female behavior (Thompson, 1981), and differential distributions of males and females into roles of differing status (Eagly, 1983). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the perceptions of self's and others' use of power strategies

Gruber¹,

White

1986

Sex Roles

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, 1978] framework for the sex typing of power strategies was examined. Female and male subjects rated the extent to which they used a number of power strategies in order to get their way with others. Subjects also rated their perceptions of the extent to which either men-in-general or women-in-general used the strategies. Partial support for Johnson's framework was found in that males reported greater use of "masculine"-typed strategies than did females, though they did not report using these strategies more than "feminine"-typed ones. Females did not report significantly greater use of feminine strategies than did males, though they reported using more feminine-than masculinetyped strategies. Data also indicated that both males and females held similar gender-consistent sex-stereotyped perceptions of the power strategies used by men-in-general and women-ingeneral. Comparison of self-report ratings with usage attributions for men-in-general and women-in-general revealed that both male and female subjects perceived themselves to use most of the strategies less often and to be more inclined to use socially desirable strategies involving reason and logic and compromise.gender studies | gender differences | sex roles | interpersonal power | power strategies Keywords: Article:Traditionally, men have been considered to be the power wielders in our society. In comparison to women, men have had easier access to sources of influence, such as money and position, and more opportunity to exercise power over others. This important experiential difference has no doubt led to the conclusion, if not the fact, that the existing gender differences in the use of power is related to sex role socialization processes (Johnson, 1976(Johnson, , 1978, gender-appropriate expectations of male and female behavior (Thompson, 1981), and differential distributions of males and females into roles of differing status (Eagly, 1983).

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“…Wiederman (1997, p. 172) notes that using a single item to measure attitudes of relationship quality may be "relatively unreliable." Adding to this, Thompson (1981) finds that attitudes may not be good predictor variables. Wiederman (1997) cautions that establishing causality is difficult with belief or attitude variables; beliefs may affect the propensity to engage in behavior such as extramarital sex, but extramarital sex experience may also affect attitudes about relationship quality.…”

Section: Sexual Satisfaction and Sex Quantity And Qualitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Breaking Singles Up: Sexual Satisfaction among Men and Women

Warehime

Bass

2008

International Journal of Sexual Health

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Using the National Health and Social Life Survey, we investigate sexual satisfaction by marital status and gender. We disaggregate the "single" category into "never-married" and "evermarried" individuals, rather than lumping never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed individuals into the "single" category. We argue that the use of a combined category neglects variation between never-married and ever-married single individuals due to differences in age and life-course transitions. We find that self-reports of physical and emotional sexual satisfaction vary between ever-married and never-married single individuals, and also between men and women. Further, we find that intimacy and commitment beliefs are associated with only emotional sexual satisfaction for women but with both physical and emotional sexual satisfaction for men.

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Sex differences: Differential access to power or sex-role socialization?

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Sex, power, and influence tactics in intimate relationships.

Sex, power, and influence tactics in intimate relationships.

Gender differences in the perceptions of self's and others' use of power strategies

Breaking Singles Up: Sexual Satisfaction among Men and Women

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