Sex differences in adults' judgments of the horizontal.

Willemsen, Eleanor; Reynolds, Barry S.

doi:10.1037/h0034096

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Among the average functioning hearing impaired students, some sex differences were found in the present study; yet the extent of these differences was reduced from that found in earlier research with hearing samples ( e g , Williamson & Reynolds, 1973). It is not clear why a hearing impairment would attenuate sex differences on this type of task.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The measure for assessing each subjects' perception of liquid horizontality was a paper and pencil test with a series of drawings of 24 bottle shapes: 12 identical rectangular bottle shapes, and 12 identi- Similar paper and pencil measures have been used in numerous investigations of the Piagetian horizontality principle ( e g , Morris, 1971;Williamson & Reynolds, 1973;Kelly & Kelly, 1977, 1978; Thomas & Jamison, 1975;Walker & Krasnoff, 1978;DeLisi, 1983). The task meets Piaget's (1977) and Piaget and Inhelder's (1956) criterion for an operational definition of the horizontal coordinate, namely that the child demonstrate that he or she is able to coordinate a movable substance (like water) with a visible fixed reference frame.…”

Section: Liquid Horizon Tality Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, sex differences have been reported with the adult population (Morris, 1971 ;Rebelsky, 1964;Williamson & Reynolds, 1973), college students (Kelly & Kelly, 1977;1978a;Thomas & Jamison, 1975;Thomas, Jamison & Hummel, 1973;Walker & Krasnoff, 1978) and elementary and junior high school-level children (Kelly & Kelly, 1978b). These studies consistently indicate that females, in general, have more trouble with the general concept of liquid horizontality, have larger error scores as the angle of tilt is increased, and experience more difficulty verbally stating the principle of horizontality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effect of Giftedness, Sex, and Bottle Shape on Hearing Impaired Adolescents’ Performance on the Water Line Task

Murphy-Berman

Witters

Harding³

1985

Journal for the Education of the Gifted

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Gifted and average-functioning hearing impaired adolescents were examined for their ability to perceive that still water remains horizontal regardless of the degree to which the container is tilted. The impact of bottle shape and subjects' gender on this perception was also assessed. Gifted students were found to perform better on this task than average functioning students and the straight-sided containers were found to induce more errors than containers with curved sides, particularly among the average functioning. Among the average functioning adolescents, females were found to perform at a slightly lower level than males on some bottle positions. implications of the findings and their similarity or dissimilarity to previous research are discussed.Numerous investigations have examined the cognitive and social characteristics of students defined as academically and intellectually gifted. Gifted children have been found to differ from their age peers in abilities, talents, interests, and psychological maturity (Gallagher, 1975;Marland, 1972; Torrance, 1965). Some differential cognitive characteristics of this population included: knowledge of an extraordinary quantity of information; advanced comprehension; high level

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Liquid Horizon Tality Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effect of Giftedness, Sex, and Bottle Shape on Hearing Impaired Adolescents’ Performance on the Water Line Task

Murphy-Berman

Witters

Harding³

1985

Journal for the Education of the Gifted

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“…Recognition task performance showed that some children had real conceptual difficulties, which conforms to claims by Piaget andInhelder (1948/1956) about this task. Several authors have remarked that the water-level task is difficult for children (Beilin, Kagan, & Rabinowitz, 1966;Ford, 1970;Robertson & Youniss, 1969, Shantz & Smock, 1966 and even for some adult college students (Howard, 1978;Rebelsky, 1964;Thomas & Jamison, 1975;Thomas, Jamison, & Hummel, 1973;Willemsen & Reynolds, 1973). Beard (1964) discussed the lack of synchrony between children's performance on the water-level task and the standard vertical task, and concluded that the vertical is understood at an earlier age than the horizontal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Young Children's Recognition and Use of the Vertical and Horizontal in Drawings

Perner

Kohlmann²,

Wimmer³

1984

Child Development

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“…It is clear that different researchers have used a variety of categorisations and terms for spatial ability in their original papers. (1957) Piaget's Water level Task Thomas and Jamison (1975), Willemsen and Reynolds (1973), Geiringer and Hyde (1976), Wittig and Allen (1984) Mental…”

Section: Different Ways To Measure Different Types Of Spatial Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating gender and spatial measurements in instructional animation research

Wong

Castro-Alonso

Ayres

et al. 2018

Computers in Human Behavior

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Instructional animation research has been extensive but the results are inconsistent. Amongst a number of possible factors to explain these inconclusive results (e.g., the negative influence of transient information), the influence of spatial ability and gender are less explored. This paper reports three experiments that compared the effectiveness of learning a handmanipulative task (Lego construction) under various conditions with direct examination of the relationship between gender, spatial ability and instructional visualisation. Regression analyses revealed that only one objective measure related to spatial ability (Corsi test) predicted overall test performance, whereas the Card Rotations Test and the Mental Rotations Test did not. However, there was a number of significant gender-spatial ability interactions showing that the spatial ability predictors of male performance were different from those of females. Furthermore a number of subjective measures of spatial ability and experience with instructional animations and static pictures were found to be significant predictors. The results suggest that gender and the type of spatial ability measures used both have a significant impact on gauging the effectiveness of instructional animations. Spatial ability measures should be tailored to gender and the specific nature of the learning domains to yield more consistent research results.

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Sex differences in adults' judgments of the horizontal.

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Giftedness, Sex, and Bottle Shape on Hearing Impaired Adolescents’ Performance on the Water Line Task

Effect of Giftedness, Sex, and Bottle Shape on Hearing Impaired Adolescents’ Performance on the Water Line Task

Young Children's Recognition and Use of the Vertical and Horizontal in Drawings

Investigating gender and spatial measurements in instructional animation research

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