Sex differences in Arab children with Autism spectrum disorders

Amr, Mostafa; Raddad, Dahoud; El-Mehesh, Fatima; Mahmoud, El-Hassanin Mohamed; El‐Gilany, Abdel‐Hady

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.015

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Children with ASD had similar symptoms and behavior problems regardless of gender . Previous studies also reported that there were no differences in emotional (internalizing) and behavioral (externalizing) problems in ASD children between boys and girls with ASD in London, Saudi Arabia, and Germany . Among boys and girls with TD in Malaysia, no significant difference in emotional and behavioral problems were reported .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Usefulness of CBCL/6‐18 to evaluate emotional and behavioral problems in Indonesian autism spectrum disorder children

Hartini

Sunartini

Herini

et al. 2016

Pediatrics International

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Usefulness of CBCL/6‐18 to evaluate emotional and behavioral problems in Indonesian autism spectrum disorder children

Hartini

Sunartini

Herini

et al. 2016

Pediatrics International

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“…Of these 21 articles, 14 address social communication or other language abilities. In samples of children with varying cognitive abilities, some studies showed no significant differences in communication, conversational deficits, and language levels between males and females with ASD (Andersson et al, 2013; Dawson et al, 2007; Nicholas et al, 2008; Pilowsky et al, 1998; Park et al, 2012a, 2012b; Mayes and Calhoun, 2011; Mandy et al, 2012; Sipes et al, 2011; Solomon et al, 2012; Amr et al, 2011). One study found that males with ASD had greater expressive and receptive language skills than females with ASD (Carter et al, 2007) and another study found that females with ASD had more impaired social communication skills than males with ASD (Hartley and Sikora, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Differences in Developmental, Psychiatric, and Medical Endophenotypes Between Males and Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2014

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is over four times more prevalent in males compared to females. Increased understanding of sex differences in ASD endophenotypes could add insight into possible etiologies and the assessment and management of the disorder. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to describe current literature regarding sex differences in the developmental, psychiatric, and medical endophenotypes of ASD in order to illustrate current knowledge and areas in need of further research. Our review found that repetitive behaviors and restricted interests are more common in males than females with ASD. Intellectual disability is more common in females than males with ASD. Attention to detail may be more common in males than females with ASD and epilepsy may be more common in females than males with ASD, although limited research in these areas prevent definitive conclusions from being drawn. There does not appear to be a sex difference in other developmental, psychiatric, and medical symptoms associated with ASD, or the research was contradictory or too sparse to establish a sex difference. Our review is unique in that it offers detailed discussion of sex differences in three major endophenotypes of ASD. Further research is needed to better understand why sex differences exist in certain ASD traits and to evaluate whether phenotypic sex differences are related to different pathways of development, assessment, and treatment of the disorder.

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“…This is the same population studied in recently published studies on sex differences and co-morbid psychiatric conditions in Arab children with ASD [14, 15]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%