Sex differences in athletic performance emerge coinciding with the onset of male puberty

Handelsman, David J.

doi:10.1111/cen.13350

Cited by 98 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The divergence in athletic performance between men and women at puberty when serum testosterone levels diverge, has been well demonstrated, 45 and is a natural and well recognized progression to adulthood. Also, recent studies of androgen levels in elite athletes have suggested that female athletes with high testosterone levels, free or total, may have a significant competitive advantage over those with low testosterone levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large divergence in testosterone concentrations between men and women: Frame of reference for elite athletes in sex‐specific competition in sports, a narrative review

Clark

Wald²,

Swerdloff

et al. 2018

Clinical Endocrinology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large divergence in testosterone concentrations between men and women: Frame of reference for elite athletes in sex‐specific competition in sports, a narrative review

Clark

Wald²,

Swerdloff

et al. 2018

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Before puberty there were small sex-related differences in strength and jumping ability [ 3 , 8 , 24 ]. In a study on USA swimming, it was noted that girls are faster than boys prior to puberty [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sex differences for Masters were smaller in running and long jump [11], or in swimming [22,23]. Before puberty there were small sex-related differences in strength and jumping ability [3,8,24]. In a study on USA swimming, it was noted that girls are faster than boys prior to puberty [4].…”

Section: Sex-related Performance Differs By Age and Body Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youth development has been studied for ages 11 and up in track and field disciplines [ 1 – 3 , 8 ] but younger children have only been examined in swimming and running [ 4 , 8 ]. In these sports sex related differences in athletic performance emerge at around 12 years of age and reach adult plateau in the late teenage years [ 8 ]. Track and field is comprised of 21 disciplines and elite athletes within the specific disciplines likely have similar physique [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences and impact of body mass on performance from childhood to senior athletes in Olympic weightlifting

Huebner

Perperoglou

2020

PLoS ONE

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Background Olympic weightlifting requires technical skills, explosive power, strength, and coordination. Weightlifters can be competitive within a range of morphological characteristics due to competition body weight classes. To date no studies have examined when sex differences arise in weightlifting and the impact of body mass on performances at different ages. Objectives To examine when sex-related differences emerge, to quantify the influence of body mass on performances at different ages, and to estimate the age at peak performance. Methods Competitions results from USA Weightlifting National Championships, Youth, Junior, and Senior from 2014 to 2019 were collected for weightlifters aged 6 to 30. Results At age 10 the median total weight lifted was 51kg and 54kg, respectively, for girls and boys. From age 10 to 12 a gender gap emerges with a sex difference of 11.7% at age 14 at 55kg body mass. At age 25 the sex-related performance difference is smaller for lighter athletes (23.6% at 69kg body mass) and larger for heavier athletes (29.9% at 81kg body mass). The median peak age for men is 26.5 years (95% CI: 25.7, 27.3) and for women 25.9 years (95% CI: 24.7, 27.3). Conclusion We quantified the impact of body weight and age and sex differences for youth and young adults, ages 6 to 30 years old, participating in national level Olympic weightlifting competitions in the United States. Body weight at younger ages has less impact on performance compared to older ages, and boys and girls perform similarly. When reaching the ages typically associated with the onset of puberty, boys' performances rapidly increase and the gap

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“…Randomised-control trials, non-randomised studies of interventions, and other observational studies which included males diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma between the ages 13 and 51 who received anticancer treatment were included in this review. This age range was estimated to be when males are most fertile, between puberty onset and elderly decline in fertility [15][16][17]. Only studies using ABVD (Adriamycin® (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) or BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisolone) regimens were included as these regimens are the most common and effective treatments for HL [18,19].…”

Section: Study Eligibility Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

ABVD and BEACOPP regimens’ effects on fertility in young males with Hodgkin lymphoma

et al. 2020

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Purpose Considering the increased cancer patient survivorship, the focus is now on addressing the impacts of treatment on quality of life. In young people, altered reproductive function is a major issue and its effects in young males are largely neglected by novel research. To improve clinician awareness, we systematically reviewed side effects of chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in young males. Methods The review was prospectively registered (PROSPERO N. CRD42019122868). Three databases (Medline via PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) were searched for studies featuring males aged 13-51-years who underwent chemotherapy for HL using ABVD (Adriamycin® (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) regimens. These chemotherapy regimens were compared against each other using sperm characteristics, FSH, and inhibin B levels to measure fertility levels. Results Data were extracted from five studies featuring 1344 patients. 6 months post-ABVD saw marked deterioration in sperm count, further reduced by more cycles (P = 0.05). Patients treated with BEACOPP rather than ABVD were more prone to oligospermia. Receiving fewer cycles of both regimens increased the likelihood of sperm production recovering. Patients treated with 6-8 cycles of BEACOPP did not recover spermiogenesis. Conclusions ABVD and BEACOPP regimens significantly reduce fertility function to varying effects depending on treatment duration. ABVD temporarily causes significant reductions in male fertility, whereas BEACOPP’s effects are more permanent. Therefore, clinicians should discuss fertility preservation with male patients receiving infertility-inducing gonadotoxic therapy. Further high-quality studies are required to more adequality describe the risk to fertility by chemotherapy.

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Sex differences in athletic performance emerge coinciding with the onset of male puberty

Abstract: The gender divergence in athletic performance begins at the age of 12-13 years and reaches adult plateau in the late teenage years with the timing and tempo closely parallel to the rise in circulating testosterone in boys during puberty.

Cited by 98 publications

References 26 publications

Large divergence in testosterone concentrations between men and women: Frame of reference for elite athletes in sex‐specific competition in sports, a narrative review

Large divergence in testosterone concentrations between men and women: Frame of reference for elite athletes in sex‐specific competition in sports, a narrative review

Sex differences and impact of body mass on performance from childhood to senior athletes in Olympic weightlifting

ABVD and BEACOPP regimens’ effects on fertility in young males with Hodgkin lymphoma

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