Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Dementia

Kim, Miyoung; Kim, Kyeongjin; Hong, Chang Hyung; Lee, Sang Yoon; Jung, Yi-Sook

doi:10.4062/biomolther.2018.159

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“… 15 , 16 It has also been reported that the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 genetic risk factor may have a larger impact on dementia risk among women. 17 , 18 , 19 While there may be sex differences in the prevalence of these factors, 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 it is still unclear whether these factors are differentially associated with the risk for dementia. 23 In many previous cohort studies, restricted sample size (especially for men) has limited the potential for sex‐specific analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in dementia and response to a lifestyle intervention: Evidence from Nordic population‐based studies and a prevention trial

Sindi

Kåreholt

Ngandu

et al. 2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Introduction Evidence on sex differences in the risk for dementia has been mixed. The goal was to assess sex differences in the development of dementia, and in the effects of a lifestyle intervention. Methods Two strategies were adopted, one using combined data from three large Nordic population‐based cohort studies (n = 2289), adopting dementia as outcome, and 2‐year multidomain lifestyle intervention (n = 1260), adopting cognitive change as outcome. Results There was higher risk for dementia after age 80 years in women. The positive effects of the lifestyle intervention on cognition did not significantly differ between men and women. Sex‐specific analyses suggested that different vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial risk factors are important for women and men in mid‐ and late‐life. Conclusion Women had higher risk for dementia among the oldest individuals. Lifestyle interventions may be effectively implemented among older men and women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in dementia and response to a lifestyle intervention: Evidence from Nordic population‐based studies and a prevention trial

Sindi

Kåreholt

Ngandu

et al. 2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…Acquired risks and health behaviours may account for gender differences in cognitive impairment. As cardiovascular risks are associated with the onset of dementia [26,27], health behaviours which influence these risks can play mediating roles. In fact, health behaviours such as exercise, smoking habits, and diet, have been associated with the risk of cognitive impairment [28][29][30].…”

Section: Behavioural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included four health conditions (hearing impairment, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke) as factors that explained cognitive functioning and decline [26,27,52]. Hearing impairment was dichotomised as respondents who wear hearing-aids or who reported any difficulty in hearing.…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of gender differences in cognitive functioning: National Survey of the Japanese elderly

et al. 2021

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Background It is well known that females generally live longer than males, but women tend to suffer from more illnesses and limitations than men do, also for dementia. However, limited empirical evidence is available why this ‘male-female health-survival paradox’ is observed. This study aimed to investigate factors which account for gender differences in health, particularly cognitive functioning and decline among older adults. Methods Data were retrieved from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, which is a longitudinal survey of a nationwide representative sample of Japanese adults aged 60 or over. Gender differences in cognitive functioning and decline in three-year follow-ups were decomposed using Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis, regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors into the ‘explained’ component, by differences in individual attributes listed above, and the ‘unexplained’ component. Results Empirical analyses showed that women’s lower cognitive functioning was partly explained by the endowment effect. Moreover, a shorter duration of formal education and a larger proportion with their longest occupation being domestic worker accounted for steeper cognitive decline and more prevalent mild cognitive impairment in women than in men. Conclusion This empirical study suggested that gender differences in cognitive functioning and decline account for different individual attributes of social determinants among men and women. Particularly, men seem to be more engaged in activities which accumulate intellectual experiences through education and occupation, as suggested by the cognitive reserve hypothesis.

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“…Dementia is a pathological neurodegenerative process characterized by a gradual decrease in cognitive, memory, and functional capacity that is severe enough to affect daily functioning [ 61 ]. Other symptoms include emotional problems, speech problems, and decreased motivation [ 62 ].…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Prevalence/incidence Of Neurologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human

et al. 2020

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Caffeine occurs naturally in various foods, such as coffee, tea, and cocoa, and it has been used safely as a mild stimulant for a long time. However, excessive caffeine consumption (1~1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), which includes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the effect of caffeine consumption as a protective factor or risk factor for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the importance of personalized medicine is being emphasized, and research on sex/gender differences needs to be conducted. Our review focuses on the effect of caffeine consumption on several neurological and psychiatric disorders with respect to sex differences to provide a better understanding of caffeine use as a risk or protective factor for those disorders. The findings may help establish new strategies for developing sex-specific caffeine therapies.

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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Dementia

Cited by 34 publications

References 151 publications

Sex differences in dementia and response to a lifestyle intervention: Evidence from Nordic population‐based studies and a prevention trial

Sex differences in dementia and response to a lifestyle intervention: Evidence from Nordic population‐based studies and a prevention trial

Decomposition of gender differences in cognitive functioning: National Survey of the Japanese elderly

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human

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