Sex differences in child-onset, life-course-persistent conduct disorder. A review of biological influences

Eme, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.02.001

Cited by 88 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Examining sex differences in the NVOBS factors has provided support for previous research. We found that men self-reported more general violence than women: this was an expected finding, as a large body of research shows that, outside of intimate relationships, men are more violent than women, at every age and for various measures (Archer, 2004(Archer, , 2009Eme, 2007Eme, , 2009Eme, , 2010Moffitt et al, 2001). The finding that men are more generally violent than women fits with the sexual selection theory where intrasexual competition is motivated by status and resource acquisition, and so sex differences should be most evident during young adulthood to correlate with the peak of reproductive competition (Daly & Wilson, 1988;Wilson & Daly, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Development and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Non‐Violent and Violent Offending Behavior Scale (NVOBS)

Thornton

Graham‐Kevan

Archer

2013

Aggressive Behavior

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The purpose of this research was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of violent and non-violent offending, suitable for both male and female participants in general (non-forensic) samples. Potential items were selected from existing measures. A sample of 653 British university students completed all items, and their responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and validated with confirmatory factor analysis. There were five separate factors (general violence, drug-related offenses, partner violence, theft, and criminal damage), which were confirmed with acceptable fit indices. The five-factor model applied to both males and females. Each subscale demonstrated good internal consistency, with alphas for each factor ranging from moderate to good. This new measure is a potentially valuable research tool for investigating people's involvement in violent and non-violent offending. The importance of examining the psychometric properties of scales, and confirming the category groupings using CFA of the items is outlined. Aggr. Behav. 9999: XX-XX, 2013.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Development and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Non‐Violent and Violent Offending Behavior Scale (NVOBS)

Thornton

Graham‐Kevan

Archer

2013

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Incorporating menstrual cycle fluctuations into these studies might explain these discrepancies. As cognitive control is believed to be central to many psychological disorders, many of which have different prevalences in males and females (Eme, 2007;Kessler et al, 2005;Neuman et al, 2005), the present results may also have implications for understanding the biological basis of these clinical conditions. Our results suggest that measures of brain function, perhaps by being closer to genetic influences than observable behaviour, can provide a testbed for psychological evolutionary theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Menstrual cycle phase modulates cognitive control over male but not female stimuli

et al. 2008

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Evolutionary selection pressures have been one of the factors proposed to underlie sex differences in inhibitory control. Consequently, inhibitory control may vary as a function of the menstrual cycle and may be modulated by the stimuli being processed if these stimuli are related to reproductive success. We used functional MRI to study women's brain activation across the menstrual cycle on a GO/NOGO response inhibition task using attractive male and female faces as stimuli. We detected brain activity changes for both successful inhibitions and errors of commission that were unique to the male stimuli during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. That is, when pregnancy was possible women had superior inhibitory brain function and heightened detection of inhibitory failures when processing male stimuli. Moreover, we show that individual differences between females in sexual desire and social risk taking negatively correlate with error-related brain activity to the male stimuli during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. These results suggest an interaction between hormonal influences and stimulus-specific effects in producing an endophenotypic outcome predicted by evolutionary psychology, and suggest that the functioning of the brain's monitoring system can predict individual differences in both traits and real-world risk-taking behaviours.© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords:Menstrual cycle Attractiveness Inhibition fMRI IntroductionParental investment theory (Trivers, 1972) postulates that many psychological differences between the sexes derive from different evolutionary pressures particular to the investment of resources in finding a mate vs. parenting. Theorists (Bjorkund and Kipp, 1996) have proposed that the greater parenting demands placed on females and the advantage of forming stable bonds with males, confer a selection advantage on those females with the ability to suppress sexual interests in other males or aggressive tendencies towards one's own offspring. Consequently, greater selection pressures on female ancestors

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“…A nivel neuropsicológico y biográfico, por otra parte, se encontró que las mujeres con TD, comparadas con las adolescentes sin dicho trastorno, presentaron menores puntuaciones en una prueba de fluidez fonémica, de manera similar a lo reportado por Haggerty y colaboradores (1998), lo que indica que este podría ser un factor de riesgo de TD también en las mujeres y no solo en los varones (Eme, 2007), quienes en este estudio evidenciaron puntuaciones más bajas en fluidez semán-tica. No obstante, las madres de dichas mujeres no reportaron más condiciones adversas durante su embarazo, lo cual sí ocurrió entre los adolescentes con TD comparados con los varones sin dicho trastorno, confirmando la idea de que dichas condiciones pueden ser un factor de riesgo biológico del TD (Harrington & Maskey, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Según Eme (2007), la mayor prevalencia del TD en los varones se debería a la influencia de factores biológicos, como altos niveles de testosterona y factores socioculturales, como las expectativas de género que promue ven la agresividad en los varones, predisponiéndolos desde los años preescolares a dicho trastorno. Existe evidencia que muestra que los niños son más agresivos que las niñas desde los 17 meses de edad (Berkout et al, 2011), lo que señala una mayor predisposición biológica hacia el TD entre ellos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Diferencias neuropsicológicas, biográficas, psicológicas, familiares y comunitarias, entre adolescentes con y sin trastorno disocial

Anacona¹,

Paitán-Ávila²,

Monguí-Merchán³

2014

Interd

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El objetivo del estudio que se informa fue comparar un grupo de adolescentes de ambos sexos que cumplían los criterios diagnósticos de trastorno disocial (TD), entre sí y con respecto a un grupo de adolescentes de ambos sexos sin TD, en un conjunto de variables neuropsicológicas, biográficas, psicológicas / conductuales, familiares y comunitarias. Asimismo, se comparó la frecuencia general y específica de las conductas disociales reportadas por los participantes con TD. Todos los participantes tenían entre 11 y 18 años de edad. Los adolescentes con TD (60 varones y 11 mujeres) fueron seleccionados en tres instituciones reeducativas de libertad vigilada, mientras que los adolescentes sin TD (74 varones y 25 mu jeres), en un centro de capacitación laboral para adolescentes de escasos recursos. Las mujeres con TD reportaron castigos físicos severos más frecuentemente que los varones con TD, aunque a una edad mayor que éstos, presentando mayores puntuaciones en Neuroticismo y menores en Retroalimentación personal, así como una frecuencia mayor de conductas disociales. Las comparaciones por sexo revelaron que tanto los varones como las mujeres con TD, comparados con los adolescentes sin TD, presentaron puntuaciones más altas en Extroversión y un mayor consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, cambios y expulsiones escolares, escapadas del hogar, pensamientos suicidas y una menor edad de consumo de marihuana. Sin embargo, las mujeres con TD evidenciaron puntuaciones mayores en Machismo y menores en Empatía, Fluidez fonémica y Retroalimentación personal. Estos resultados sugieren más dificultades entre las adolescentes con TD que deberían considerarse en la evaluación y el tratamiento.Palabras clave: Trastorno disocial; Adolescentes; Diferencias por sexo; Factores de riesgo; Conducta antisocial.

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Sex differences in child-onset, life-course-persistent conduct disorder. A review of biological influences

Cited by 88 publications

References 120 publications

Development and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Non‐Violent and Violent Offending Behavior Scale (NVOBS)

Development and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Non‐Violent and Violent Offending Behavior Scale (NVOBS)

Menstrual cycle phase modulates cognitive control over male but not female stimuli

Diferencias neuropsicológicas, biográficas, psicológicas, familiares y comunitarias, entre adolescentes con y sin trastorno disocial

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