Sex-differences in cholinergic, nicotinic, and β-adrenergic cutaneous vasodilation: Roles of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase, and K+ channels

Fujii, Naoto; McGarr, Gregory W.; Ghassa, Reem; Schmidt, Madison D.; McCormick, James J.; Nishiyasu, Takeshi; Kenny, Glen P.

doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104030

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Considering responses to heat or exercise, most evidence suggest similar vasodilatory responses between both sexes ( 91 , 92 ), although differences have been reported in NO and COX-PGE signalling in cutaneous blood flow ( 93 – 95 ). In relation to sweating, some sex dimorphisms have been described.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Thermosensation and Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in thermoregulation in mammals: Implications for energy homeostasis

Fernández‐Peña

Reimúndez²,

Viana³

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Thermal homeostasis is a fundamental process in mammals, which allows the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature to ensure an efficient function of cells despite changes in ambient temperature. Increasing evidence has revealed the great impact of thermoregulation on energy homeostasis. Homeothermy requires a fine regulation of food intake, heat production, conservation and dissipation and energy expenditure. A great interest on this field of research has re-emerged following the discovery of thermogenic brown adipose tissue and browning of white fat in adult humans, with a potential clinical relevance on obesity and metabolic comorbidities. However, most of our knowledge comes from male animal models or men, which introduces unwanted biases on the findings. In this review, we discuss how differences in sex-dependent characteristics (anthropometry, body composition, hormonal regulation, and other sexual factors) influence numerous aspects of thermal regulation, which impact on energy homeostasis. Individuals of both sexes should be used in the experimental paradigms, considering the ovarian cycles and sexual hormonal regulation as influential factors in these studies. Only by collecting data in both sexes on molecular, functional, and clinical aspects, we will be able to establish in a rigorous way the real impact of thermoregulation on energy homeostasis, opening new avenues in the understanding and treatment of obesity and metabolic associated diseases.

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Section: Sex Differences In Thermosensation and Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in thermoregulation in mammals: Implications for energy homeostasis

Fernández‐Peña

Reimúndez²,

Viana³

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…This indicates possible mechanistic differences in cerebrovascular control between males and females. Potential mechanisms responsible for these differences include flow‐mediated dilation, hormone concentrations, sympathetic outflow, and many others (Barnes, 2017; Fujii et al., 2020; Jarvis et al., 2011; Kellawan et al., 2015; Peltonen et al., 2015). However, speculation of the individual contribution of these mechanisms would be inappropriate as research in this area is severely lacking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrovascular responses to graded exercise in young healthy males and females

et al. 2020

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Although systemic sex‐specific differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise are well established, the comparison of sex‐specific cerebrovascular responses to exercise has gone under‐investigated especially, during high intensity exercise. Therefore, our purpose was to compare cerebrovascular responses in males and females throughout a graded exercise test (GXT). Twenty‐six participants (13 Females and 13 Males, 24 ± 4 yrs.) completed a GXT on a recumbent cycle ergometer consisting of 3‐min stages. Each sex completed 50W, 75W, 100W stages. Thereafter, power output increased 30W/stage for females and 40W/stage for males until participants were unable to maintain 60‐80 RPM. The final stage completed by the participant was considered maximum workload( W max ). Respiratory gases (End‐tidal CO 2 , EtCO 2 ), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), heart rate (HR), non‐invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) were continuously recorded on a breath‐by‐breath or beat‐by‐beat basis. Cerebral perfusion pressure, CPP = MAP (0. 7,355 distance from heart‐level to doppler probe) and cerebral vascular conductance index, CVCi = MCAv/CPP 100mmHg were calculated. The change from baseline (Δ) in MCAv was similar between the sexes during the GXT ( p = .091, ω p 2 = 0.05). However, ΔCPP ( p < .001, ω p 2 = 0.25) was greater in males at intensities ≥ 80% W max and ΔCVCi ( p = .005, ω p 2 = 0.15) was greater in females at 100% W max . Δ End‐tidal CO 2 (ΔEtCO 2 ) was not different between the sexes during exercise ( p = .606, ω p 2 = −0.03). These data suggest there are sex‐specific differences in cerebrovascular control, and these differences may only be identifiable at high and severe intensity exercise.

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“…Female participants were tested during their self‐reported early follicular phase of their menstruation (within 6 days from the initiation of menstruation) when female sex hormone concentrations are at their lowest concentrations. Limiting our assessment of females during the early follicular phase allowed us to minimize the influence of female sex hormones on the activation of cutaneous vasodilation (Brunt et al, 2011; Fujii et al, 2020; Shoemaker et al, 2021) and sweating (Gagnon et al, 2013; Inoue et al, 2014; Okamoto & Amano, 2021). Participants were not permitted to consume alcohol and caffeine for >12 h, and any food for 2 h before the experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum, interstitial and sweat ATP in humans exposed to heat stress: Insights into roles of ATP in the heat loss responses

Fujii

Tanabe

Amano

et al. 2023

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Hyperthermia increases intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with greater hyperthermia‐induced cutaneous vasodilation. Hyperthermia may also increase skin interstitial fluid ATP thereby activating cutaneous vascular smooth muscle cells and sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that whole‐body heating would increase skin interstitial fluid ATP, and this response would be associated with an increase in cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Nineteen (8 females) young adults underwent whole‐body heating using a water‐perfusion suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C during which time cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, ratio of laser‐Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule technique) were measured at four forearm skin sites to minimize between‐site variations. Dialysate from the skin sites were collected via intradermal microdialysis. Heating increased serum ATP, CVC, and sweat rate (all p ≤ 0.031). However, heating did not modulate dialysate ATP (median, baseline vs. end‐heating: 2.38 vs. 2.70 nmol/ml) (p = 0.068), though the effect size was moderate (Cohen's d = 0.566). While the heating‐induced increase in CVC was not correlated with changes in serum ATP (r = 0.439, p = 0.060), we observed a negative correlation (rs = −0.555, p = 0.017) between dialysate ATP and CVC. We did not observe a significant correlation between the heating‐induced sweating and serum, dialysate, or sweat ATP (rs = 0.091 to −0.322, all p ≥ 0.222). Altogether, we showed that passive heating increases ATP in blood and possibly skin interstitial fluid, with the latter potentially blunting cutaneous vasodilation. However, ATP does not appear to modulate sweating.

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Sex-differences in cholinergic, nicotinic, and β-adrenergic cutaneous vasodilation: Roles of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase, and K+ channels

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Sex differences in thermoregulation in mammals: Implications for energy homeostasis

Sex differences in thermoregulation in mammals: Implications for energy homeostasis

Cerebrovascular responses to graded exercise in young healthy males and females

Serum, interstitial and sweat ATP in humans exposed to heat stress: Insights into roles of ATP in the heat loss responses

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