Sex differences in chronic liver disease and benign liver lesions

Cooper, Katherine M.; Delk, Molly; Devuni, Deepika; Sarkar, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100870

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 149 publications

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“…Although high levels of alcohol consumption are more common in men than women in the United States, 196 women who drink alcohol heavily are at risk of having ALD which progresses to cirrhosis more rapidly than in men 197 . The mechanism underlying this disparity is not clear, as oestrogen appears to be protective against fibrosis development, but is potentially attributable to sex differences in gastric ADH activity, which is higher in men than women and may lead more alcohol to be metabolised by the liver in women 198,199 . Additionally, alcohol distributes into total body water after absorption, and due to their higher relative proportion of adipose tissue and smaller size, women have, on average, a smaller volume of distribution of alcohol than men do and thus develop relatively greater alcohol concentrations at a similar level of consumption 200 .…”

Section: Clds Associated With Hepatic Steatosis (Slds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: Hepatic steatosis and its associations with acute and chronic liver diseases

Koenig,

Tan,

Abdelaal

et al. 2024

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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SummaryBackgroundHepatic steatosis is a common finding in liver histopathology and the hallmark of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is rising.AimsTo review the histopathology of hepatic steatosis and its mechanisms of development and to identify common and rare disease associations.MethodsWe reviewed literature on the basic science of lipid droplet (LD) biology and clinical research on acute and chronic liver diseases associated with hepatic steatosis using the PubMed database.ResultsA variety of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of chronic hepatic steatosis or steatotic liver disease, which typically appears macrovesicular. Microvesicular steatosis is associated with acute mitochondrial dysfunction and liver failure. Fat metabolic processes in hepatocytes whose dysregulation leads to the development of steatosis include secretion of lipoprotein particles, uptake of remnant lipoprotein particles or free fatty acids from blood, de novo lipogenesis, oxidation of fatty acids, lipolysis and lipophagy. Hepatic insulin resistance is a key feature of MASLD. Seipin is a polyfunctional protein that facilitates LD biogenesis. Assembly of hepatitis C virus takes place on LD surfaces. LDs make important, functional contact with the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles.ConclusionsDiverse liver pathologies are associated with hepatic steatosis, with MASLD being the most important contributor. The biogenesis and dynamics of LDs in hepatocytes are complex and warrant further investigation. Organellar interfaces permit co‐regulation of lipid metabolism to match generation of potentially toxic lipid species with their LD depot storage.

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