Sex differences in chronic stress responses and Alzheimer's disease

Yan, Yan; Dominguez, Sky; Fisher, Daniel; Dong, Hongxin

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.03.002

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…These results support the conclusion that in healthy animals, biological sex does not alter basal CSF influx into the brain. This observation is surprising taking the marked sex differences in age-dependent loss of cognitive function, proteinopathies, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and more into consideration 10 – 13 , 16 , 31 – 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However this is not the case; females are at higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease 11 , 12 and males are at higher risk for Parkinson’s disease 36 . One intriguing possibility is that chronic stress, which in rodent models can alter neuronal morphology and cognition differentially between sexes 31 , 33 , 37 , 38 , accumulates over time and these life-time stressors may alter glymphatic flow in a sex-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice

Giannetto

Xia

Stæger

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Sexual dimorphism is evident in brain structure, size, and function throughout multiple species. Here, we tested whether cerebrospinal fluid entry into the glymphatic system, a network of perivascular fluid transport that clears metabolic waste from the brain, was altered between male and female mice. We analyze glymphatic influx in 244 young reproductive age (2–4 months) C57BL/6 mice. We found no male/female differences in total influx under anesthesia, or across the anterior/posterior axis of the brain. Circadian-dependent changes in glymphatic influx under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia were not altered by sex. This was not true for diurnal rhythms under pentobarbital and avertin, but both still showed daily oscillations independent of biological sex. Finally, although glymphatic influx decreases with age there was no sex difference in total influx or subregion-dependent tracer distribution in 17 middle aged (9–10 months) and 36 old (22–24 months) mice. Overall, in healthy adult C57BL/6 mice we could not detect male/female differences in glymphatic influx. This finding contrasts the gender differences in common neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that additional sex-dependent co-morbidities, such as chronic stress, protein misfolding, traumatic brain injury or other pathological mechanisms may explain the increased risk for developing proteinopathies rather than pre-existing suppression of glymphatic influx.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice

Giannetto

Xia

Stæger

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…de Souza-Talarico et al, 2010;de Souza-Talarico et al, 2020;Wolf et al, 2002). Furthermore, inconsistencies in the literature around the effects of acute social stress on memory likely depend on multiple factors including sex and age (for review see Hidalgo et al, 2019;Yan et al, 2018). However, due to a limited sample size in the current work, our sex-based analyses are exploratory and due caution should be paid when generalizing the results.…”

Section: Sex May Influence the Effects Stress-induced Cortisol On Memmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Murphy

Sheppard

Troyer

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20 tel: +1 416-785-2500 x3184 21 fax: +1 416-785-4235 22 23 Cortisol and memory in aMCI 2 Highlights: 24 -Amnestic MCI (aMCI) is associated with higher morning cortisol 25 -Stress negatively influences memory in aMCI individuals 26 -Sex may moderate the effects of aMCI on cortisol and memory following stress 27 -The relationship between cortisol and memory may depend on brain health 28 29 Abstract 30Older adults with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer's-type Dementia 31 approximately ten times faster annually than the normal population. Higher levels of adrenal hormones are 32 associated with both aging and cognitive decline. In this study, salivary cortisol was sampled diurnally and 33 during memory testing to explore differences in the relationship between cortisol and memory function in males 34 and females with normal cognition and those with aMCI. Participants with aMCI (n=14, mean age=75) were 35 compared to age-matched controls (n=14, mean age=75) on tests of episodic, associative, and working memory 36 across two sessions with a psychosocial stressor in the second session. The aMCI group performed worse on the 37 memory tests than controls and males with aMCI had consistently elevated cortisol levels on both test days. 38Immediate episodic memory performance was enhanced by stress in controls but not in the aMCI group, 39 indicating that aMCI is associated with increased vulnerability to stress-induced alterations in cortisol that can 40 negatively impact memory function. 41 42 KEYWORDS: cortisol, mild cognitive impairment, normal aging, memory, stress, psychosocial stressor, sex 43 differences, men, women, aMCI 44 45 Cortisol and memory in aMCI 3 65 examined the relationships between cortisol, stress, and memory and potential differences between males and 66 females, particularly with regards to MCI or AD.

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“…In chronic stress, this prolonged activation of the stress system has been linked to a large number of comorbidities ranging from metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders to cognitive dysfunction and psychological disorders, such as depression (39). Finally, as stress is a risk factor for AD and women are twice as likely to develop mood disorders where stress is a major etiology, sex dimorphism in stress responses may explain the higher incidence of AD among women (40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging

et al. 2019

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Human brain-aging is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Knowledge of the numerous aspects that revolve around it is therefore essential if not only the medical issues, but also the social, psychological, and legal issues related to this phenomenon are to be managed correctly. In the coming decades, it will be necessary to find solutions to the management of the progressive aging of the population so as to increase the number of individuals that achieve successful aging. The aim of this article is to provide a current overview of the physiopathology of brain aging and of the role and perspectives of neuroimaging in this context. The progressive development of neuroimaging has opened new perspectives in clinical and basic research and it has modified the concept of brain aging. Neuroimaging will play an increasingly important role in the definition of the individual's brain aging in every phase of the physiological and pathological process. However, when the process involved in age-related brain cognitive diseases is being investigated, factors that might affect this process on a clinical and behavioral level (genetic susceptibility, risks factors, endocrine changes) cannot be ignored but must, on the contrary, be integrated into a neuroimaging evaluation to ensure a correct and global management, and they are therefore discussed in this article. Neuroimaging appears important to the correct management of age-related brain cognitive diseases not only within a medical perspective, but also legal, according to a wider approach based on development of relationship between neuroscience and law. The term neurolaw, the neologism born from the relationship between these two disciplines, is an emerging field of study, that deals with various issues in the impact of neurosciences on individual rights. Neuroimaging, enhancing the detection of physiological and pathological brain aging, could give an important contribution to the field of neurolaw in elderly where the full control of cognitive and volitional functions is necessary to maintain a whole series of rights linked to legal capacity. For this reason, in order to provide the clinician and researcher with a broad view of the brain-aging process, the role of neurolaw will be introduced into the brain-aging context.

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Sex differences in chronic stress responses and Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 129 publications

Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice

Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice

Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging

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