Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS

Farzadegan, Homayoon; Hoover, Donald R.; Astemborski, Jacqueline; Lyles, Cynthia M.; Margolick, Joseph B.; Markham, Richard B.; Quinn, Thomas C.; Vlahov, David

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02372-1

Cited by 384 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Also females are observed to have better survival than their male counterpart. As reported previously females had higher life expectancy than males, ATCC, Farzadegan et al, 1998;Donnelly et al, 2005;Stringer et al, 2006;Mageda et al, 2012). Remafedi and Lauer (1995), have found that sex of the patient does not have any significant effect on survival time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Determination of Predictors Associated With HIV/AIDS Patients on ART Using Accelerated Failure Time Model for Interval Censored Survival Data

Swain¹,

Grover²

2016

American Journal of Biostatistics

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Abstract:The main objective of this paper is to identify the independent predictors affecting the survival of HIV/AIDS infected patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), an interval censored event time outcome. A total of 2052 HIV/AIDS patients, who were on ART at Ram ManoharLohia Hospital, New Delhi, India, during the period of April 2004 to December 2010, were included for analysis. Accelerated Failure Time Models (AFTM) viz., exponential, Weibull, lognormal and loglogistic for interval censored survival data, have been used to determine the significant predictors for HIV/AIDS infected patients. The best model is selected on the basis of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values. Out of 2052 HIV/AIDS patients 65.4% were males and 34.6% were females. A majority 93.7% of patients had CD4 cell counts below 350 cells/mm 3 at the time of initiation of ART. The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 34.28±8.19 years. The prognostic factorsviz., age, sex, CD4 cell count, past smokers, baseline hemoglobin and baseline BMI are found to be statistically significant (p<0.000) for HIV/AIDS patients on ART. Hence, a special attention is needed for patients with low CD4 cell counts, low BMI and low hemoglobin. Lognormal AFT model is found to be the best model to identify the independent predictors for survival of HIV population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Determination of Predictors Associated With HIV/AIDS Patients on ART Using Accelerated Failure Time Model for Interval Censored Survival Data

Swain¹,

Grover²

2016

American Journal of Biostatistics

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“…12 An anatomical difference is that semen is retained in the posterior vagina in much greater volume than vaginal fluid is retained postcoitus on the penis. Furthermore, since plasma HIV-1 RNA levels have been reported to be higher in HIV-1-infected men than in HIV-1-infected women 13,14 and the diversity of transmitted viral variants may be greater in women than men, 15 the correlates of female-to-male (FTM) and male-tofemale (MTF) transmission may differ for penile-vaginal intercourse. Thus, incidence and predictors of transmission differ by route (percutaneous, sexual, perinatal) and may vary by gender 15 or possibly HIV-1subtype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virologic and Immunologic Determinants of Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Africa

Fideli

Allen

Musonda

et al. 2001

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

332

281

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More than 80% of the world's HIV-infected adults live in sub-Saharan Africa, where heterosexual transmission is the predominant mode of spread. The virologic and immunologic correlates of femaleto-male (FTM) and male-to-female (MTF) transmission are not well understood. A total of 1022 heterosexual couples with discordant HIV-1 serology results (one partner HIV infected, the other HIV uninfected) were enrolled in a prospective study in Lusaka, Zambia and monitored at 3-month intervals. A nested case-control design was used to compare 109 transmitters and 208 nontransmitting controls with respect to plasma HIV-1 RNA (viral load, VL), virus isolation, and CD4 + cell levels. Median plasma VL was significantly higher in transmitters than nontransmitters (123,507 vs. 51,310 copies/ml, p < 0.001). In stratified multivariate Cox regression analyses, the risk ratio (RR) for FTM transmission was 7.6 (95% CI: 2.3, 25.5) for VL ≥ 100,000 copies/ ml and 4.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 14.1) for VL between 10,000 and 100,000 copies/ml compared with the reference group of <10,000 copies/ ml. Corresponding RRs for MTF transmission were 2.1 and 1.2, respectively, with 95% CI both bounding 1. Only 3 of 41 (7%) female transmitters had VL < 10,000 copies/ml compared with 32 of 93 (34%) of female nontransmitters (p < 0.001). The transmission rate within couples was 7.7/100 person-years and did not differ from FTM (61/862 person-years) and MTF (81/978 person-years) transmission. We conclude that the association between increasing plasma viral load was strong for female to male transmission, but was only weakly predictive of male to female transmission in Zambian heterosexual couples. FTM and MTF transmission rates were similar. These data suggest gender-specific differences in the biology of heterosexual transmission.Address reprint requests to: Grace M. Aldrovandi,

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“…[25][26][27][28] However, differences between HIV-1-specific ADCC antibodies in men and women have not previously been systematically compared. It is important to clarify these findings so that we will know that a vaccine that stimulates the production of ADCC antibodies will protect men and women equally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Antibodies That Mediate HIV Type 1 gp120 Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Asymptomatic HIV Type 1-Positive Men and Women

Mata

Iwema

Dell

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Recent studies suggest that HIV-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies contribute to protective immunity against HIV. An important characteristic of future HIV vaccines will, therefore, be the ability to stimulate production of these antibodies in both men and women. Early studies suggest that men may have a better ADCC antibody response against HIV than women. Our objective was to determine whether men and women differ with respect to their ADCC response to HIV-1 gp120. HIV-positive, asymptomatic untreated men and women were matched for race, age, CD4+ T cell number, HIV-1 viral load, and treatment and HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibody titers were compared. A standard 51 Cr-release assay was used to determine HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibody titers in HIV-1-seropositive individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; n = 32) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; n = 32). Both sexes had high ADCC titers against HIV-1 gp120: 34.4% (n = 11) and 40.6% (n = 13) of men and women, respectively, had titers of 10,000; 62.5% (n = 20) and 56.3% (n = 18) had titers of 100,000. Groups did not differ in percent specific release (% SR), lytic units (LU), correlations of titer to viral load, or titer to CD4 + T cells in men or women. Both groups also had similar cross-clade ADCC antibody responses ( p > 0.5 for % SR and LU). Comparable groups of asymptomatic HIV-1-infected men and women had comparable HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibodies. Both sexes had significant cross-clade reactivity. Differences between men and women may become evident as disease progresses; this should be evaluated at later stages of HIV-1 infection.

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Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS

Cited by 384 publications

References 14 publications

Determination of Predictors Associated With HIV/AIDS Patients on ART Using Accelerated Failure Time Model for Interval Censored Survival Data

Determination of Predictors Associated With HIV/AIDS Patients on ART Using Accelerated Failure Time Model for Interval Censored Survival Data

Virologic and Immunologic Determinants of Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Africa

Comparison of Antibodies That Mediate HIV Type 1 gp120 Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Asymptomatic HIV Type 1-Positive Men and Women

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