Sex Differences in Immunologic Reponse: Studies of Antibody Production by Individual Spleen Cells after Stimulus with Escherichia coli Antigen

Kenny, Jean F.; Gray, J. A.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197106000-00002

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, Kenny et al and Child have suggested that females were possibly more immunologically competent. 10,11 The study of Ogunleye et al seems to be at variance with this view as males with sinusitis are more immunocompetent than females in our environment. 12 They however reaffirmed a previous observation that immunity in healthy humans decline at young and old ages.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Orbital cellulitis complicating sinusitis: a 15-year review

Nwaorgu¹,

Awobem²,

Onakoya³

et al. 2010

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research

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Background: Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the orbital soft tissues behind the orbital septum. Primary sinus infection is the most common cause of orbital cellulites. It is an ocular emergency that threatens not only vision but also life from complications such as meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and brain abscess. Method: A fifteen-year retrospective review (1986 -2000) of all cases of orbital cellulitis, but with special focus on those of sinogenic origin seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: Ninety patients were managed. There was a male preponderance (M: F ratio of 2:1) while 84% of the patients were below 20 years of age. Sinogenic orbital cellulitis constituted 57% of the study population (ninety cases) with the left orbit being involved most (55%), while the maxillary sinus had the highest incidence of sinusitis either singly (18%) or combined (65%). Complication of orbital cellulitis was found to be 52%, with no death but 11% became blind due to panophthalmitis. Conclusion: Though antibiotics have altered the course of sinusitis, its grave complications still persist in our environment. It is hoped that a well-structured health education/awareness programme and early referral to specialists will improve the final outcome.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Orbital cellulitis complicating sinusitis: a 15-year review

Nwaorgu¹,

Awobem²,

Onakoya³

et al. 2010

Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research

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“…However, this may not be so, since previous studies show that the effects produced by sex steroid hormones on humoral immunity and antibody production are stimulatory rather than inhibitory. In female hybrid mice, antibody production was depressed as a result of ovariectomy [17]. Paavonen et al an equal number of cells obtained from control animals [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Thyroid Antibodies in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia.

Ishibashi

Kuzuya²,

Sawada

et al. 1991

Endocrinol Japon

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Abstract. To clarify the possible role of prolactin in the regulation of immune responses in man, we measured circulating anti-thyroid antibodies in 172 normal subjects, 84 patients with prolactinoma and 63 patients with acromegaly with normal thyroid and adrenocortical functions. Frequencies of positive thyroidal microsome and thyroglobulin antibodies were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) higher in women with prolactinoma (20.6% and 20.6%) than in normal women (7.5% and 4.7%). Men with prolactinoma had a significantly (p<0.05) higher frequency of positive thyroglobulin antibody (18.8%) than normal men (1.5%). When the subjects were divided by decade, women with prolactinoma in the 4th decade had significantly (p<0.05) higher frequencies of positive thyroidal microsome and thyroglobulin antibodies (30.8% and 30.8%) than normal women of corresponding age (3.7% and 3.7%). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of positive anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with acromegaly and in normal subjects. Analysis of the peripheral lymphocyte population revealed that patients with prolactinoma had a higher percentage of B cells than normal subjects, while there was no significant difference in the percentages of total T lymphocytes or in the helper and suppressor T cell ratios in the two groups of subjects. These results suggest that prolactin regulates humoral immune responses in man directly by stimulating B lymphocytes or indirectly by inhibiting suppressor T lymphocyte activity.

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“…The greater response of young (< 4-week-old) female Swiss Webster mice, than males, to small doses of E. coli antigen increases with maturity and is lost after re moval of the ovaries. Young males respond better immunologically to small amounts of E. coli antigen if pretreated with small doses of estrogen [Kenny and Gray, 1971], A number of previous studies have shown that treatment with estrogen results in enhanced reticulo endothelial function [Nicol et al, 1964;Cordingley, 1969;Stern and Davidsohn, 1955;Broome and Lamming, 1959;Tsao, 1941;Von Haam and Rosenfeld, 1942;Weinstein, 1939]. It has also been observed in AKR mice that estrogen increases the mitotic index of lymphatic tissues [Metcalf, 1962].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, many spleens from male mice produced no cell plaques after a small dose of antigen, but responses by the sexes were comparable after injection of large numbers of bacteria. However, there was no difference in the sizes of plaque produced by spleen cells of male and female animals [Kenny and Gray, 1971], Bovine serum albu min is more rapidly degraded when adminis tered into female Swiss Albino mice pre viously immunized with this protein than in males [Terres et al, 1968].…”

Section: Sex Differences In B-cell Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 98%

“…It would be expected that immuno globulin levels of females would be elevated compared to males. Other researchers have reported higher immunoglobulin levels in fe males than males at varying ages [Terres et al, 1968;Kenny and Gray, 1971], In CAF| and B6D2F| mice, females showed a higher elevation of IgM and IgG levels than males in response to horse and goose erythrocytes as well as to polyvinylpyrrolidone [Eidinger and Garrett, 1972].…”

Section: Sex Differences In B-cell Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and Sex Differences in Immunocompetence

Oyeyinka¹

1984

Gerontology

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The probable role of an immunological component in ageing and senescence has attracted the attention of biologists, immunologists and gerontologists. Immune competence declines as man and experimental animals grow old. While lymphoid organs may be expected to ‘age’ along with other tissues, the possibility exists that lymphoid failure of itself accelerates senescence by predisposing individuals to infection and degenerative diseases. There is now enough evidence to differentiate effects that are due to age per se from other causes. Also, evidence of a greater female than male immunologic responsiveness is ample, but hypotheses to explain these observations are only partially adequate. This review attempts to summarise our knowledge of the effects of age and sex on immunocompetence with the aim of discussing the theories put forward to explain our observations.

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Sex Differences in Immunologic Reponse: Studies of Antibody Production by Individual Spleen Cells after Stimulus with Escherichia coli Antigen

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Orbital cellulitis complicating sinusitis: a 15-year review

Orbital cellulitis complicating sinusitis: a 15-year review

Anti-Thyroid Antibodies in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia.

Age and Sex Differences in Immunocompetence

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