Sex differences in insulin and glucagon responses for glucose homeostasis in young healthy Japanese adults

Abstract

It has been reported that glucose responses during the oral glucose tolerance test differ between healthy women and men. However, it remains unknown what factors contribute to these differences between the sexes. The present study analyzed the insulin and glucagon responses during the oral glucose tolerance test in 25 female and 38 male healthy young adults aged 22–30 years. The plasma glucose levels at 120 min were significantly higher in women than men. Insulin secretion was significantly greater at 30, 90 and 120 min from baseline in women than men. Glucagon suppression was greater at 30 and 120 min from baseline in men than women when determined by a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay glucagon kit. These results suggest that the differences in glucose responses during the oral glucose tolerance test are mediated by the difference between the sexes in bi‐hormonal responses in healthy individuals.

Beginning of a new era in glucagon research: Breakthrough by the new glucagon assay

“…Horie et al. 8 also examined the glucagon response during the oral glucose tolerance test in young healthy volunteers, both men and women 8 . The data from that study showed significant suppression of glucagon levels in response to glucose load, thereby confirming the findings by Matsuo et al.…”

“… 7 Additionally, glucagon suppression was significantly larger in men as compared with that in women. The application of ELISA and physiological data from these studies 7,8 has contributed significantly to the scientific progress in the field of glucagon research.…”

Morning Mastication Enhances Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Subjects

“…In contrast to the present findings, Borvornparadorn et al (2019) found that chewing 50 times in the morning did not affect postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy, lean, and overweight participants, relative to those chewing 15 times. The study cohort consisted of 21 men and 24 women, and the test meal comprised ad libitum ham and cheese sandwiches; these differences between that study and ours may have influenced the postprandial glucose and insulin responses (Frape et al 1997;Robertson et al 2002;Anderwald et al 2011;Horie et al 2018).…”

Adrb2 controls glucose homeostasis by developmental regulation of pancreatic islet vasculature

“…However, it has been noted in different inbred mouse strains, that males are generally less glucose tolerant than females ( Gannon et al, 2018 ; Goren et al, 2004 ; Lavine et al, 1971 ), likely, in part, due to lower glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ( Gannon et al, 2018 ; Goren et al, 2004 ). Similarly, clinical studies in humans support that healthy women tend to have increased insulin secretion after a meal or in response to an oral glucose load compared to men ( Basu et al, 2017 ; Basu et al, 2006 ; Horie et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, isolated female islets show greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared to male islets ( Hall et al, 2014 ).…”