Sex differences in intelligence and brain size: a developmental theory

Lynn, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(99)00009-4

Cited by 203 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Voyer, Voyer, and Bryden (1995) have replicated those findings. Finally, Feingold (1988) and Lynn (1999) observed a male advantage in reasoning ability. Therefore, previous research shows that the greater male advantage can be found in overall spatial ability (Halpern, 2000;Hedges & Nowell, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sex Differences in Verbal Reasoning are Mediated by Sex Differences in Spatial Ability

et al. 2004

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Several meta-analyses have shown that males outperform females in overall spatial ability, while females outperform males in some verbal ability tests, but not in others. The present article measures sex differences in two computerized tests, one thought to reflect verbal reasoning and one thought to reflect dynamic spatial performance. The sample comprised 1,593 university graduates (794 females and 799 males). Results show that males outperform females in both tests. However, sex differences in verbal reasoning turn to be nonsignificant when sex differences in dynamic spatial performance are statistically removed . The finding is interpreted from the previously demonstrated fact that the verbal reasoning test requ ires spatial processing. The result raises doubts about the common practice of evaluating sex differences in cognitive abilities from the tests' superficial characteristics or information content. The interpretation of the observed findings strongly requires the analysis of the tests' cognitive requirements.There are hundreds of studies about sex differences in cognitive abilities (see Halpern, 2000, for a comprehensive review). The huge number of available databases facilitated the publication of several key meta-analyses from which some robust conclusions have been extracted. Hyde (1981) published the first meta-analysis from the data summarized by Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) in their classic book, The psychology of sex differences. The results showed that boys outperform girls in overall spatial and quantitative abilities, while the later outperform the former in overall verbal ability. Some years later, Hyde and Linn (1988) found in their meta-analysis that females outperform males in overall verbal ability. The meta-analysis reported by Hyde, Fennema, and Lamon (1990) found a male advantage in overall quantitative ability, but those researchers noted that quantitative items are frequently expressed spatially. The meta-analysis by Linn and Petersen (1985) reported a male advantage in spatial rotation , spatial relations, and This research was supported by the project AENA-UAMI785001 . Correspondence may be addressed to Roberto Colom ,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sex Differences in Verbal Reasoning are Mediated by Sex Differences in Spatial Ability

et al. 2004

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“…It has been established that there are sex differences in cognitive abilities [12]. However, the nature, onset, prevalence and magnitude of such differences vary.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the working memory of students in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria using the N-b

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2012

IOSR-JDMS

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“…Zorgvuldigheid nam toe voor meisjes, zowel voor zelfrapportages als voor rapportages door andere gezinsleden. Gedurende de vroege adolescentie ondergaan meisjes een snellere groeispurt in cerebraal-corticale ontwikkeling dan jongens en ze blijven op jongens voorlopen in deze ontwikkeling tot veertien tot vijftien jaar (Andrich & Styles, 1994;Colom & Lynn, 2004;Lynn, 1999). Als gevolg van deze verschillen in hersenontwikkeling zijn meisjes gedurende de vroege adolescentie over het algemeen ongeveer twee jaar voor op jongens wat betreft intellectueel en sociaal-cognitief functioneren.…”

Section: Discussieunclassified

Verandering en ontwikkeling in Big Five-persoonlijkheidsfactoren tijdens de adolescentie

Branje¹,

Lieshout²,

Aken³

et al. 2005

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Sex differences in intelligence and brain size: a developmental theory

Cited by 203 publications

References 26 publications

Sex Differences in Verbal Reasoning are Mediated by Sex Differences in Spatial Ability

Sex Differences in Verbal Reasoning are Mediated by Sex Differences in Spatial Ability

Sex differences in the working memory of students in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria using the N-b

Verandering en ontwikkeling in Big Five-persoonlijkheidsfactoren tijdens de adolescentie

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