Sex differences in local adaptation: what can we learn from reciprocal transplant experiments?

Svensson, Erik I.; Goedert, Débora; Gómez‐Llano, Miguel; Spagopoulou, Foteini; Nava-Bolaños, Ángela; Booksmythe, Isobel

doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0420

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Despite an increasing number of laboratory studies that suggest environmental factors, such as harshness and variability, may often mediate the expression of sexual conflict [9,17,41,42], the contribution of sex-specific evolution to the dynamics of local adaptation in the wild has received limited attention (see also [48]). Our work examining patterns of variation in SAS in natural populations indicates that climatic factors and biogeography also influence local sexspecific selection in the wild in predictable ways, suggesting that sexual antagonism plays a general role in the process of local adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic factors and species range position predict sexually antagonistic selection across taxa

Lisle

Goedert

Reedy

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Sex differences in selection are ubiquitous in sexually reproducing organisms. When the genetic basis of traits is shared between the sexes, such sexually antagonistic selection (SAS) creates a potential constraint on adaptive evolution. Theory and laboratory experiments suggest that environmental variation and the degree of local adaptation may all affect the frequency and intensity of SAS. Here, we capitalize on a large database of over 700 spatially or temporally replicated estimates of sex-specific phenotypic selection from wild populations, combined with data on microclimates and geographical range information. We performed a meta-analysis to test three predictions from SAS theory, that selection becomes more concordant between males and females: (1) in more stressful environments, (2) in more variable environments and (3) closer to the edge of the species' range. We find partial empirical support for all three predictions. Within-study analyses indicate SAS decreases in extreme environments, as indicated by a relationship with maximum temperature, minimum precipitation and evaporative potential (PET). Across studies, we found that the average level of SAS at high latitudes was lower, where environmental conditions are typically less stable. Finally, we found evidence for reduced SAS in populations that are far from the centre of their geographical range. However, and notably, we also found some evidence of reduced average strength of selection in these populations, which is in contrast to predictions from classical theoretical models on range limit evolution. Our results suggest that environmental lability and species range position predictably influence sex-specific selection and sexual antagonism in the wild.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic factors and species range position predict sexually antagonistic selection across taxa

Lisle

Goedert

Reedy

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Resequencing can be performed using population samples taken at multiple time points within a single generation (Svensson et al. 2018) or across multiple generations, with the latter approach benefitting from the fact that allele frequency responses to selection are cumulative over multiple generations. E&R, like GWAS, remains best suited for detecting loci with relatively large fitness effects.…”

Section: Direct Approaches For Identifying Sa Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The search for sexually antagonistic genes: Practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics

et al. 2020

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Sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation-in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other-is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable methodological challenges to the identification and characterization of SA genes, raising questions about the feasibility of genomic approaches for inferring SA selection. The related fields of local adaptation and statistical genomics have previously dealt with similar challenges, and lessons from these disciplines can therefore help overcome current difficulties in applying genomics to study SA genetic variation. Here, we integrate theoretical and analytical concepts from local adaptation and statistical genomics research-including F ST and F IS statistics, genome-wide association studies, pedigree analyses, reciprocal transplant studies, and evolve-and-resequence experiments-to evaluate methods for identifying SA genes and genome-wide signals of SA genetic variation. We begin by developing theoretical models for between-sex F ST and F IS , including explicit null distributions for each statistic, and using them to critically evaluate putative multilocus signals of sex-specific selection in previously published datasets. We then highlight new statistics that address some of the limitations of F ST and F IS , along with applications of more direct approaches for characterizing SA genetic variation, which incorporate explicit fitness measurements. We finish by presenting practical guidelines for the validation and evolutionary analysis of candidate SA genes and discussing promising empirical systems for future work.

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“…Thus, the sex for which selection differs most should have the highest degree of local adaptation, holding all else equal. Although empirical studies of local adaptation are numerous, a recent review by Svensson et al (2018) found that very few have attempted to measure local adaptation in nature for both males and females for major fitness components other than viability. In the two studies they found that examined local adaptation for both male and female traits (Hedderson andLongton 2008, Li et al 2015), the fitness components, and thereby local adaptation measures, were not comparable between sexes.…”

Section: Environments How Important Is Local Adaptation For Such Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although empirical studies of local adaptation are numerous, a recent review by Svensson et al. () found that very few have attempted to measure local adaptation in nature for both males and females for major fitness components other than viability. In the two studies they found that examined local adaptation for both male and female traits (Hedderson and Longton , Li et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Testing for local adaptation in adult male and female fitness among populations evolved under different mate competition regimes

et al. 2019

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Mating/fertilization success and fecundity are influenced by sexual interactions among individuals, the nature and frequency of which can vary among different environments. The extent of local adaptation for such adult fitness components is poorly understood. We allowed 63 populations of Drosophila melanogaster to independently evolve in one of three mating environments that alter sexual interactions: one involved enforced monogamy, while the other two permitted polygamy in either structurally simple standard fly vials or in larger “cages” with added complexity. Adult male and female reproductive fitness were measured after 16 and 28 generations, respectively, via full reciprocal transplants. In males, reciprocal local adaptation was observed between the monogamy and simple polygamy treatments, consistent with the evolution of reproductively competitive males under polygamy that perform poorly under monogamy because they harm their only mate. However, males evolved in the complex polygamy treatment performed similarly or better than all other males in all mating environments, consistent with previous results showing higher genetic quality in this treatment. Differences in female fitness were more muted, suggesting selection on females was less divergent across the mating treatments and echoing a common pattern of greater phenotypic and expression divergence in males than females.

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Sex differences in local adaptation: what can we learn from reciprocal transplant experiments?

Cited by 30 publications

References 122 publications

Climatic factors and species range position predict sexually antagonistic selection across taxa

Climatic factors and species range position predict sexually antagonistic selection across taxa

The search for sexually antagonistic genes: Practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics

Testing for local adaptation in adult male and female fitness among populations evolved under different mate competition regimes

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