Sex differences in mechanisms of head impacts in collegiate soccer athletes

Saunders, Tabitha D.; Le, Rachel K.; Breedlove, Katherine M.; Bradney, Debbie A.; Bowman, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.02.003

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Higher impact rates for boys persisted in basketball and soccer: 2 sports that are similar in rules and equipment between male and female players. In soccer, male players had an impact rate >2 times higher than that of female players, which was consistent with gender-based comparisons found at the youth (1.5 times higher) 44 and collegiate (2.2 times higher) 45 levels. With this study, gender-based differences in basketball were quantified for the first time; the male head impact rate was 3.6 times higher than that for female athletes in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In this study, head impact rates per AE were in the range of previous studies employing video confirmation methods. However, variability introduced by level of play, sensor choice, and sensor recording threshold has created a wide range of head impact rates: female soccer (0.4-3.3 impacts/AE), 30 , 33 , 38 , 42 , 44 , 45 male soccer (1.3-2.4 impacts/AE), 33 , 44 , 45 female lacrosse (0.1-0.3 impacts/AE), 8 , 13 , 25 and male lacrosse (0.7-1.9 impacts/AE). 7 , 13 , 25 , 35 , 51 Head impact rates were markedly lower than rates in sensor studies without video or visual reviewer techniques: female soccer (2.9-5.7 impacts/AE), 29 , 40 male soccer (31.1-39.5 impacts/AE), 39 , 40 female lacrosse (9.2 impacts/AE), 41 and male lacrosse (5.5-11.5 impacts/AE).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sport- and Gender-Based Differences in Head Impact Exposure and Mechanism in High School Sports

Huber

Patton

McDonald

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Repeated head impacts sustained by athletes have been linked to short-term neurophysiologic deficits; thus, there is growing concern about the number of head impacts sustained in sports. Accurate head impact exposure data obtained via head impact sensors may help identify appropriate strategies across sports and between genders to mitigate repetitive head impacts. Purpose: To quantify sport- and gender-based differences in head impact rate and mechanism for adolescents. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: High school female and male varsity soccer, basketball, lacrosse, and field hockey (female only) teams were instrumented with headband-mounted impact sensors during games over 2 seasons of soccer and 1 season of basketball, lacrosse, and field hockey. Video review was used to remove false-positive sensor-recorded events, and the head impact rate per athlete-exposure (AE) was calculated. Impact mechanism was categorized as equipment to head, fall, player to head, or head to ball (soccer only). Results: Male players had significantly higher head impact rates as compared with female players in soccer (3.08 vs 1.41 impacts/AE; rate ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8-2.6]), basketball (0.90 vs 0.25; 3.6 [2.6-4.6]), and lacrosse (0.83 vs 0.06; 12.9 [10.1-15.8]). Impact mechanism distributions were similar within sports between boys and girls. In soccer, head to ball represented 78% of impacts, whereas at least 88% in basketball were player-to-player contact. Conclusion: Across sports for boys and girls, soccer had the highest impact rate. Male high school soccer, basketball, and lacrosse teams had significantly higher head impact rates than did female teams of the same sport. For girls, basketball had a higher head impact rate than did lacrosse and field hockey, and for boys, basketball had a similar impact rate to lacrosse, a collision sport. Sport differences in the distribution of impact mechanisms create sport-specific targets for reducing head impact exposure.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport- and Gender-Based Differences in Head Impact Exposure and Mechanism in High School Sports

Huber

Patton

McDonald

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the final extraction includes papers in the sports domain only. Of the 34 full-text papers included from the sports domain, 33 were peer-reviewed journal articles [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], and one was a conference abstract [ 64 ]. The included papers are listed in Table 1 with the following information included: author(s), year of publication, type of sport, study design, study aims, main outcome measure, population, type(s) of wearable sensor technology and placement of sensor, additional technology for validation, and key findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reason for adding these measurement technologies was that the studies had a single intervention design, with validation of the data collected from the wearable sensor technologies as part of their main purpose. For studies concerning head impacts in invasion and team sports, camera recordings were added in seven of the included studies [ 36 , 40 , 41 , 48 , 53 , 54 , 58 ]. The combined use of wearable technology and other technologies, in many cases representing current gold standards, will be discussed in detail in the last section of this paper where identified knowledge gaps are addressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Wearable Sensor Technology to Detect Shock Impacts in Sports and Occupational Settings: A Scoping Review

Eitzen

Renberg

Færevik

2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shock impacts during activity may cause damage to the joints, muscles, bones, or inner organs. To define thresholds for tolerable impacts, there is a need for methods that can accurately monitor shock impacts in real-life settings. Therefore, the main aim of this scoping review was to present an overview of existing methods for assessments of shock impacts using wearable sensor technology within two domains: sports and occupational settings. Online databases were used to identify papers published in 2010–2020, from which we selected 34 papers that used wearable sensor technology to measure shock impacts. No studies were found on occupational settings. For the sports domain, accelerometry was the dominant type of wearable sensor technology utilized, interpreting peak acceleration as a proxy for impact. Of the included studies, 28 assessed foot strike in running, head impacts in invasion and team sports, or different forms of jump landings or plyometric movements. The included studies revealed a lack of consensus regarding sensor placement and interpretation of the results. Furthermore, the identified high proportion of validation studies support previous concerns that wearable sensors at present are inadequate as a stand-alone method for valid and accurate data on shock impacts in the field.

show abstract

“…Players head the ball roughly 5-10 times per practice or game, 8,9 accumulating over 600 impacts per season. 10,11 Head impacts also result from intentional contact with other players and unintentional impacts with the goal posts or ground. 11 These impacts appear to contribute to microstructural changes in the brain revealed by advanced neuroimaging techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Isometric Neck Strength and White Matter Organization in Collegiate Athletes

Souza

Dennis

Brown

et al. 2020

Neurotrauma Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soccer athletes frequently experience repetitive head impacts (RHI) during games and practices, which may affect neural integrity over time and lead to altered brain structure. Neck strength is hypothesized to limit the transfer of force to the brain and decrease the effect of RHI on brain structure. The goal of our work was to examine whether greater neck strength is associated with more intact white matter organization (WMO) in collegiate athletes exposed to RHI. Collegiate soccer (n = 17) and limited/non-contact sport (n = 39) athletes were assessed prior to their athletic seasons. Participants completed neck strength assessments using handheld dynamometry in six test positions and diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were calculated for 20 white matter (WM) regions. A multi-variate approach was used to examine the relationship between neck strength and diffusion measures in soccer and limited/non-contact athletes. Neck strength was positively associated with FA and negatively associated with RD across several WM regions in soccer players only. Neck strength was not significantly associated with MD or AD in either group. Greater neck strength was related to more intact WMO in athletes with high exposure to RHI, particularly in regions prone to damage from brain trauma such as the basal ganglia, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and frontoparietal WM. Future studies should examine neck strength as a factor to moderate neural outcomes in athletes with exposure to RHI.

show abstract

Sex differences in mechanisms of head impacts in collegiate soccer athletes

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Sport- and Gender-Based Differences in Head Impact Exposure and Mechanism in High School Sports

Sport- and Gender-Based Differences in Head Impact Exposure and Mechanism in High School Sports

The Use of Wearable Sensor Technology to Detect Shock Impacts in Sports and Occupational Settings: A Scoping Review

Relation between Isometric Neck Strength and White Matter Organization in Collegiate Athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About