Sex differences in outcomes and associated factors among stroke patients with small artery occlusion in China

Abstract

BackgroundSex differences in outcomes after small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke have not been well described, particularly in a Chinese population. We aimed to assess sex differences in outcomes and related risk factors among patients with SAO.MethodsAll consecutive patients with SAO were recruited between May 2005 and September 2014. Clinical features and risk factors were recorded. The mortality, recurrence, and dependency rates at 3 months after stroke were assessed.ResultsA total of 2524 patients with SAO were included in this study. There was a higher frequency of mild stroke, current smoking, and alcohol consumption in men than in women. Women were more likely than men to be older, to have diabetes and obesity, and to have higher total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. There were worse outcomes in men than in women at 3 months after stroke (P < 0.05). There were more independent risk factors of poor outcome in men than in women. Older age was a common predictive factor of outcome both in men and in women. In men, low triglyceride levels and high fasting plasma glucose levels were independent risk factors for mortality; in addition, a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with recurrence. Moreover, in men, moderate and severe stroke, and high total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels were risk factors for dependency. A negative association was found between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and risk of mortality and between total cholesterol level and risk of recurrence in women.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is crucial to control conventional risk factors and fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels among patients with SAO, especially male patients, to reduce the burden of stroke in China.

Recurrence Rate and Relevant Associated Factors of Stroke among Patients with Small Artery Occlusion in Northern China

“…Age, NIHSS score on admission, and female sex were independent risk factors for poor outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score >2 or death at 3-month follow-up) 29 . A higher rate of recurrence was observed in men with SAO than in women 30 . In the present study, we found that stroke severity according to the NIHSS score on admission was significantly associated with long-term recurrence (12 and 36 months).…”

Association between abnormal body weight and stroke outcome: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

“…Of the remaining 196 articles assessed for eligibility, 163 articles were excluded for having the same study population ( n = 5); for having a sample size < 100 ( n = 3); for lack of data on obesity, overweight, or underweight ( n = 108); or for not investigating the concerned outcome of stroke ( n = 47). Finally, 33 articles including 84,660 patients were included in the full analysis [9–41]. The detailed process of study selection is shown in Figure 1.…”

“…One [30] and 14 [9,[12][13][14][15][17][18][19]24,25,28,29,31,36] studies reported 3-month poor outcome in mixed-stroke patients and AIS patients, respectively. A cohort study reported that obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was not related to 3-month poor outcome in mixed-stroke patients; the OR was 2.16 (95% CI = 0.41-11.61) compared with nonobesity (BMI < 30) [30].…”

Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Patients With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in China: A Cross Sectional, Case–Control Study

“…Women reported spending more time watching TV and spending less time walking than men ( p < 0.05). Qiao et al ( 31 ) reported that women were more likely than men to have diabetes and obesity, and to have higher CHOL, and LDL-C levels.…”