Sex differences in perceived stigmatization, body image disturbance, and satisfaction with facial appearance and speech among adolescents with craniofacial conditions

Crerand, Canice E.; Rumsey, Nichola; Kazak, Anne E.; Clarke, Alexandra; Rausch, Joseph R.; Sarwer, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.005

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Consistent with research demonstrating the effect of stigma on body image concerns in other pediatric populations (e.g. craniofacial conditions and obesity), the current findings revealed a significant association between IBD stigma and body image dissatisfaction – suggesting that illness stigma plays a significant role in youth’s negative IBD-related perceptions of their physical appearance [32–34]. Further, our findings suggested that body image dissatisfaction may act as a mechanism through which illness stigma promotes feelings of social isolation and susceptibility to depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Illness stigma, body image dissatisfaction, thwarted belongingness and depressive symptoms in youth with inflammatory bowel disease

Roberts

Gamwell

Baudino

et al. 2022

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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Background Elevated depressive symptoms are observed in a significant number of youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have been linked to illness stigma and social isolation. Body image dissatisfaction is an understudied variable in the pediatric IBD literature that may be related to both stigma and social difficulties. It is suspected that, due to the stigmatizing nature of IBD, some youth may feel self-conscious about their body image, which contributes to decreased feelings of social belongingness and ultimately depressive symptoms. The current study tested an illness stigma→ body image dissatisfaction→ thwarted belongingness→ depressive symptoms serial mediation model, in which IBD stigma was hypothesized to indirectly influence youth depressive symptoms through the sequential effects of stigma on body image dissatisfaction and thwarted social belongingness. Methods Youth with IBD (N = 75) between 10 and 18 years old were recruited from a pediatric gastroenterology clinic and completed psychosocial measures. Disease severity was assessed by a physician global assessment. Current medications and BMI data were collected. Results Analyses revealed significant direct effects among the modeled variables and a significant serial indirect path for illness stigma→ body image dissatisfaction→ thwarted belongingness→ depressive symptoms, controlling for sex, BMI and prednisone medication. Conclusions: Youth who perceive greater IBD stigma are more likely to experience increased body image dissatisfaction due to their IBD, which may engender feelings of social estrangement and ultimately elevated depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms and the psychosocial challenges faced by youth should be routinely monitored as part of comprehensive IBD management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Illness stigma, body image dissatisfaction, thwarted belongingness and depressive symptoms in youth with inflammatory bowel disease

Roberts

Gamwell

Baudino

et al. 2022

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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“…For patients with facial palsy, due to the social and cultural emphasis on women's appearance and attractiveness, women pay more attention to changes in their appearance compared to men, and women with facial palsy, who have more severe body image disorders, are less satisfied with their appearance and speech and experience more stigma. In addition in previous surveys [16,17] , women with head and facial disorders had higher stigma, more severe body image disturbances, more severe psychological distress, and a higher incidence of anxiety and depression compared to men. Therefore, there is a need for nursing staff to prevent and intervene in female facial palsy patients' stigma to address the risks associated with stigma and body image disturbance, and these measures should include health education for female patients themselves, and should also include emotional education for family members to instruct them to give more emotional support to patients.…”

Section: Different Gender Per Capita Monthly Income Medical Payment M...mentioning

confidence: 70%

Analysis of the Current Situation and Factors Influencing the Stigma of Facial Palsy Patients

2022

FMSR

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Objective: To investigate the current stigma status in patients with facial palsy and analyze the factors influencing it. Methods: The General Information Questionnaire, the Facial Disability Index Rating Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Social Influence Scale were used to investigate 220 patients with facial palsy admitted to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Shaanxi Provincial Hospital from December 2021 to April 2022. Results:The stigma score for patients with facial palsy was (58.89±11.45), with a mean entry score of (2.45±0.48), and 95% (209 cases) of patients with facial palsy had moderate or high level of stigma. Gender, per capita monthly income, medical payment method, self-efficacy level, and facial disability index were the factors influencing factors of morbidity stigma in patients with facial palsy. Conclusion:Patients with facial palsy have a high level of morbidity stigma. Health care professionals should provide health education to patients with facial palsy so that they can accept the changes in their facial image, conduct regular communication sessions for patients with facial palsy and encourage patients to actively confide in their feelings, improve the level of self-efficacy of patients with facial palsy, reduce their negative emotions and reduce their sense of stigma.

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“…The range of potentially stigmatising experiences to which adolescents can be exposed can affect health-related quality of life (Masnari et al, 2013a; and make it difficult to engage in ordinary life activities, such as speaking in public, being photographed, or participating in school (Nicholls et al, 2019). Enduring experiences of negative social attention can have profound implications and negatively impact adolescents' self-esteem , including their body image and appearance satisfaction (Crerand et al, 2020). This is particularly concerning, because many develop a feeling of being different because of negative social experiences associated with their visible difference Anderson et al, 2019 being the object of teasing, seems to be particularly impactful when it occurs from middle to late adolescence .…”

Section: Challenges Of Living With a Visible Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among adolescent community samples, it is a general finding that girls have higher symptoms of social anxiety (Asher et al, 2017) and depression (Shorey et al, 2021), including greater disengagement in ordinary life activities, compared with boys . Studies have consistently shown that girls with a visible difference tend to have a more negative body image and lower appearance satisfaction (Crerand et al, 2020), encounter more teasing related to their appearance, and have fewer positive social experiences compared with boys. Girls with a visible difference are also more likely to have a stronger investment in their appearance (Crerand et al, 2017) and to experience more challenges related to social interactions and psychological adjustment compared with boys (Wolf et al, 2019), which could make girls vulnerable to elevated symptoms of anxiety .…”

Section: Challenges Of Living With a Visible Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future evaluations of YPF should therefore conduct a more thorough screening for subclinical symptoms during the recruitment of participants. Furthermore, the total BESAA and the PSQ Crerand et al, 2020) have shown good psychometric properties in use with adolescents with a visible difference. However, the BE-Appearance subscale, SAS-A, BILD-Q, and EQ-5D-5L…”

Section: Recruitment Strategies and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of adolescents’ response to Young Person’s Face IT: A web-based intervention to improve psychosocial adjustment to having an appearance-affecting condition (Preprint)

Zelihić¹,

Feragen²,

Pripp³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Adolescents with a condition affecting their appearance that results in a visible difference can be at risk of psychosocial distress and impaired adjustment. Evidence for the effectiveness of existing interventions in improving psychosocial outcomes is limited and relevant treatment can be difficult to access. Young Person’s Face IT (YPF), a novel self-guided web-based intervention, has demonstrated potential in reducing social anxiety in adolescents with visible differences. However, more knowledge is needed regarding factors that contribute to variations in intervention effects in order to identify which adolescents may benefit most from YPF. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify predictors related to overall intervention effects following adolescents’ use of YPF. METHODS N=71 adolescents (61% girls; mean age 13.98, range 11–18 years) with a wide range of visible differences completed primary (body esteem and social anxiety symptoms) and secondary (perceived stigmatization, life disengagement, and self-rated health) outcome measures, at baseline and post-intervention. Predictor variables were demographic (age and gender), psychosocial (frequency of teasing experiences related to aspects of body and appearance, and depressive and/or anxiety symptoms), and intervention-related (time spent on YPF) factors. RESULTS Backward multiple regression revealed that higher intervention effects were predicted by gender, baseline frequency of teasing experiences, levels of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms, and time spent on YPF. However, the results were limited by low proportion of explained post-intervention variance, ranging from 1.6 to 24.1%. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that adolescent boys, adolescents who experience higher levels of psychosocial distress related to their visible difference, and adolescents that spend sufficient time on YPF, may obtain better overall intervention effects. CLINICALTRIAL NCT03165331

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Sex differences in perceived stigmatization, body image disturbance, and satisfaction with facial appearance and speech among adolescents with craniofacial conditions

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Illness stigma, body image dissatisfaction, thwarted belongingness and depressive symptoms in youth with inflammatory bowel disease

Illness stigma, body image dissatisfaction, thwarted belongingness and depressive symptoms in youth with inflammatory bowel disease

Analysis of the Current Situation and Factors Influencing the Stigma of Facial Palsy Patients

Predictors of adolescents’ response to Young Person’s Face IT: A web-based intervention to improve psychosocial adjustment to having an appearance-affecting condition (Preprint)

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