Sex differences in plasma cocaine levels and subjective effects after acute cocaine administration in human volunteers

Lukas, Scott E.; Sholar, Michelle B.; Lundahl, Leslie H.; Lamas, X; Kouri, Elena M.; Wines, James D.; Kragie, Laura; Mendelson, Jack H.

doi:10.1007/bf02246017

Cited by 201 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These results are consistent with those reported by others (Kosten et al 1996;Lukas et al 1996;Haney et al 1998) despite differences in route of administration, acute versus repeated dosing, or both. For example, women reported lower ratings of "Stimulated" and dose quality than men following repeated doses of intravenous cocaine (Haney et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Similar conclusions were reached by and Haney et al (1998). In contrast, Lukas et al (1996) concluded that women were more sensitive to the cardiovascular effects of cocaine, because although men had higher cocaine plasma concentrations than women, there were no sex differences in heart rate following a single dose of 0.9 mg/kg intranasal cocaine. However, inspection of the data and figures in that study shows a clear tendency for heart rate to be higher in men than in women; the failure to reach statistical significance may be a result of the small sample size and the relatively low cocaine dose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…They found that after the last cocaine dose, cocaine and benzoylecgonine plasma concentrations were similar to each other, which was also observed in the present study. The differences between men and women with respect to cocaine plasma concentrations are not in complete agreement with previous studies that have shown either no difference (Kosten et al 1996), or higher cocaine plasma concentrations (Lukas et al 1996) in men compared to women following acute doses of intranasal cocaine. Similarly, although did not directly compare the effects of smoked cocaine in men and women, they reported that the cocaine plasma concentrations in women were similar to those of men following a 0.4 mg/kg dose of smoked cocaine (101 ng/ml a Values represent the mean and Ϯ 1 SEM for six men and six women, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Following a single intranasal dose of approximately 2 mg/kg cocaine, no differences in cardiovascular effects or ratings of "high" were observed between males and females (Kosten et al 1996). Similarly, Lukas et al (1996) found no difference in cardiovascular response in males and females following a single dose of 0.9 mg/kg intranasal cocaine, but men had higher cocaine plasma concentrations than women, and men reported more rapid and intense subjective effects than women. In contrast, in a recent study by Haney et al (1998), although sex differences were not the focus of the study, there was a trend for women to be less sensitive to the cardiovascular and subjective effects of multiple doses of intravenous cocaine than men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…However, to our knowledge, only four controlled studies have evaluated the direct effects of cocaine administration in women Kosten et al 1996;Lukas et al 1996;Haney et al 1998). Two of these studies compared the effects of acute doses of intranasal cocaine in men and women (Kosten et al 1996;Lukas et al 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limited Sex Differences in Response to “Binge” Smoked Cocaine Use in Humans

Evans¹,

Haney

Fischman

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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The subjective and physiological effects of repeated smoked cocaine self-administration were compared in 11 men and 9 women. Twice a day, on 2 consecutive days, participants smoked up to six 50-mg doses of cocaine base, at 14 min intervals. Men and women self-administered a similar number of cocaine doses (21.7 and 21.6, respectively Although women make up as much as one-third of the cocaine-abusing population (USDHHS 1993), relatively few preclinical or clinical studies have investigated sex differences in response to cocaine administration. Among the laboratory animal literature, some studies have found no or few cocaine-related sex differences (e.g., Foltin and Schuster 1982;van Haaren and Hughes 1990;Haney et al. 1995;Craft and Stratmann 1996). Although other studies have documented sex differences, the question of whether female rodents are more or less sensitive to the effects of cocaine has not been resolved. For example, cocaine administration increased locomotor activity more in intact female rats (van Haaren and Meyer 1991;Haney et al. 1994) than in either ovariectomized female rats or male rats (either intact or castrated); whereas, cocaine increased locomotor activity less in female mice than in male mice (Morse et al. 1993). However, Morishima et al. (1993) showed that male rats and ovariectomized female rats were more sensitive to the toxic effects of cocaine than intact females. With respect to cocaine self-administration, no sex, hormonal, or estrous cycle differences have been observed under a fixed ratio one schedule of intravenous cocaine self-administration (Dalton et al. 1986;Roberts et al. 1987Roberts et al. , 1989Haney et al. 1995). However, the dopamine antagonist haloperidol increased cocaine self-administration more in female than in male rats (Dalton et al. 1986). In addition, the effect of haloperidol on cocaine self-administration varied across the estrous cycle and was reduced in ovariectomized females (Roberts et al. 1987). Furthermore, when a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement was employed, sex differences in cocaine self-administration were observed; female rats had higher breakpoints than male rats, particularly during the estrus phase (Roberts et al. 1989).

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