Sex differences in the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal population-based study

Xu, Lu; Wang, Kai; Wang, Shengfeng; Liu, Huan; Lv, Xiaozhen; Song, Yongfeng

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.011

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Our results, together with those of previous studies (Gjerde et al, 2021;Seyfried et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2021;Yin et al, 2018), suggest that alterations in inter-network FC may be a potential network mechanism of lipid-involved neuropsychiatric disorders that exhibit sex dimorphism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, our findings suggest that sex may be an important factor that needs to be considered when examining the relationship between serum lipid levels, brain, and cognition. Extensive studies have revealed that serum lipids, as well as sex dimorphism, are involved in the onset and progression of different neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression (Xu et al, 2021), first-episode schizophrenia (Gjerde et al, 2021), cerebral small vessel disease (Yin et al, 2018), and Parkinson's disease (Seyfried et al, 2018). However, the neurobiological bases of the sex-specific different contributions of lipids fractions on neuropsychiatric disorders are still unclear, probably due to the few studies available to date which have carried out sex-stratified analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of sex and serum lipids interaction on working memory: A large‐scale brain networks study

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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Backgrounds: Previous studies have demonstrated that both serum lipid levels and sex are crucial factors associated with individual cognition. However, the impact of sex and serum lipid interaction effects on the brain and cognition remains largely unknown.This study aimed to explore the underlying neural mechanisms among sex, serum lipids, and cognition using large-scale brain networks. Methods:Resting-state functional MRI data were collected from 157 young healthy adults. Independent component analysis was used to examine large-scale inter-and intra-network functional connectivity (FCs). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected to measure serum lipid levels. The three-back task was employed to assess cognition (i.e., working memory). General linear model, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the interaction effects of sex and serum lipids on large-scale brain networks and their relationship with working memory. Results:We found that inter-network connectivity with the executive control network at its core was more susceptible to sex and triglyceride interaction effects. The intra-network connectivity in the dorsal attention networks (DANs), lateral visual networks, and anterior default mode networks was influenced by the interaction effects of sex and total cholesterol (TC)/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Specifically, correlations between serum lipids and affected brain networks were found to be sex-specific.In addition, higher intra-network FC in the right inferior parietal (R-IPL) of the DAN correlated with a longer three-back reaction time in females. More importantly, the relationship between serum TC levels and three-back reaction time was mediated by intra-network connectivity in the R-IPL of the DAN.Conclusions: Our findings describe the impact of sex and serum lipid interaction effects on large-scale brain networks, as well as on cognitive function. Our data suggest that sex-specific usage of serum lipids or brain networks would be beneficial for monitoring and therapy in dyslipidemia-related cognition decline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sex and serum lipids interaction on working memory: A large‐scale brain networks study

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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“…Despite somatic symptoms preceding higher LDL, LDL did not predict later somatic symptoms. Also, elevated triglycerides preceded more somatic symptoms (vs. other depression nodes) than vice versa, suggesting that this is an event that could occur in both community-dwelling adult women and men (Xu et al, 2021). Such observations agree that reducing hypertriglyceridemia is essential to treat and prevent the onset or recurrence of physical aspects of depression (Hamer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Prospective Network Analysis of Proinflammatory Proteins, Lipid Markers, and Depression Components in Midlife Community Adult Women

Zainal¹,

Newman²

2021

Preprint

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Background: Vulnerability theories propose that higher levels of lipid and pro-inflammatory markers precede and relate to future heightened depression and anxiety. Scar models posit the reverse association. However, most studies testing biomarker-psychopathology relations have been cross-sectional, which precludes causal inferences, and did not differentiate biomarker and psychopathology components. We thus used cross-lagged prospective network analysis (CLPN) to investigate this topic. Methods: Community adult women (n = 3,302) completed a self-report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale; CES-D) and provided biomarker samples. CLPN identified true relations (edges) among components (nodes) of psychopathology (depressed mood, anxiety severity, somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues), lipid markers (insulin, glucose, triglycerides), inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), within and across five time-points. Results: Contemporaneous CLPN revealed true positive edges for somatic symptoms-inflammation, somatic symptoms-lipid markers, and anxiety severity-lipid markers. Temporal networks showed that higher levels of lipid or pro-inflammatory markers were related to greater future depressed mood, somatic symptoms, anxiety severity, and interpersonal issues. Also, lower HDL level was associated with more future somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues, and depressed mood. Further, somatic symptoms and lipid markers had the strongest effect on future nodes in the network. Conclusions: Overall, the results were consistent with vulnerability (vs. scar) models. Possible mechanistic accounts include long-term dysregulated metabolic, endocrine, and immune systems and social disengagement patterns. Cognitive-behavioral and related lifestyle-based therapies that optimize diet, nutrition, and physical activity may effectively target depression and anxiety at the prevention and treatment stages. Other theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.

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“…Furthermore, temporal networks revealed positive feedback loops between LDL and depressed mood and LDL and interpersonal problems, but not LDL and somatic symptoms. Also, elevated triglycerides preceded more somatic symptoms ( v. other depression nodes) than vice versa, suggesting that this is an event that could occur in both community-dwelling adult women and men (Xu et al, 2021 ). Such observations agree that reducing hypertriglyceridemia is essential to treat and prevent the onset or recurrence of physical aspects of depression (Hamer, Batty, & Kivimaki, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective network analysis of proinflammatory proteins, lipid markers, and depression components in midlife community women

Zainal

Newman

2022

Psychol. Med.

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Background Vulnerability theories propose that suboptimal levels of lipid markers and proinflammatory proteins predict future heightened depression. Scar models posit the reverse association. However, most studies that tested relationships between non-specific immune/endocrine markers and depression did not separate temporal inferences between people and within-person and how different immunometabolism markers related to unique depression symptoms. We thus used cross-lagged prospective network analyses (CLPN) to investigate this topic. Methods Community midlife women (n = 2224) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and provided biomarker samples across five time-points spanning 9 years. CLPN identified significant relations (edges) among components (nodes) of depression (depressed mood, somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues), lipid markers [insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL)], and proinflammatory proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen], within and across time-points. All models adjusted for age, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and menopausal status. Results In within-person temporal networks, higher CRP and HDL predicted all three depression components (d = 0.131–2.112). Increased LDL preceded higher depressed mood and interpersonal issues (v. somatic symptoms) (d = 0.251–0.327). Elevated triglycerides predicted more somatic symptoms (v. depressed mood and interpersonal problems) (d = 0.131). More interpersonal problems forecasted elevated fibrinogen and LDL levels (d = 0.129–0.331), and stronger somatic symptoms preceded higher fibrinogen levels (d = 0.188). Conclusions Results supported both vulnerability and scar models. Long-term dysregulated immunometabolism systems, social disengagement, and related patterns are possible mechanistic accounts. Cognitive-behavioral therapies that optimize nutrition and physical activity may effectively target depression.

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Sex differences in the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal population-based study

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of sex and serum lipids interaction on working memory: A large‐scale brain networks study

Impact of sex and serum lipids interaction on working memory: A large‐scale brain networks study

Prospective Network Analysis of Proinflammatory Proteins, Lipid Markers, and Depression Components in Midlife Community Adult Women

Prospective network analysis of proinflammatory proteins, lipid markers, and depression components in midlife community women

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