Sex Differences in the Development of a Separate Sense of Self During Infancy: Directions for Future Research

Aries, Elizabeth; Olver, Rose R.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00900.x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Male infants and boys are also played with and handled more roughly than girls (Golombok & Fivush, 1994; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974). Parents physically distance themselves more from boys than from girls, encourage boys in activities that limit proximity to others, encourage boys to be less dependent than girls, and express less concern about danger to their sons than to their daughters (Aries & Olver, 1985; Golombok & Fivush, 1994; Lytton & Romney, 1991). Furthermore, one study showed that boys were actively discouraged from seeking the help of their parents or other adults and were even punished when they did (Fagot, 1984).…”

Section: Social Construction Of Gender and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engendering health: A social constructionist examination of men's health beliefs and behaviors.

Courtenay

2000

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

326

399

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Men in the United States suffer more severe conditions, have consistently higher death rates, and die nearly 7 years younger than women. Health-related beliefs and behaviors contribute significantly to these gender differences. To explain why women and men adopt the health beliefs and behaviors that they do, this article reviews research examining gender differences in social experiences, cultural representations of gender, and additional social and institutional structures, such as the media and the health care system. This review reveals that North Americans collectively work diligently to reinforce stereotypically feminine or masculine behavior in themselves and others, and that the beliefs and behaviors fostered in men and boys, the resources available to demonstrate masculinity, and the resources boys and men use to enact gender are largely unhealthy. It illuminates how cultural dictates, everyday interactions, and social and institutional structures help to sustain and reproduce men's risks, and how the health beliefs and behaviors that people adopt are means for demonstrating femininities and masculinities.

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Section: Social Construction Of Gender and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engendering health: A social constructionist examination of men's health beliefs and behaviors.

Courtenay

2000

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

326

399

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Development of`relatedness to others' is assumed to be connected with a closer relationship between the child and the caretaker (Aries and Olver, 1985). There are, indeed, results of many previous studies pointing out that girls stay closer to their mothers (Gunnar and Donahue, 1980;Lewis et al, 1992), are encouraged to develop dependency (Lytton and Romney, 1991), are better at interpreting nonverbal cues, and so one (see, for example, Aries andOlver, 1985, Block, 1983;Golombok and Fivush, 1994;Haviland and Malatesta, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Social proximity in early mother–infant interactions: implications for gender differences?

Lindahl¹,

Heimann²

1997

Early Dev. Parent.

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In an exploratory study, we investigated degrees of social proximity between mothers and their 9-month-old children. Twenty-four Swedish mother±infant dyads (12 boys and 12 girls) were observed during a brief free play episode. Social proximity was measured through nine items focusing on both communication and social interaction. Overall, we found that mother±daughter dyads displayed significantly higher degrees of social proximity than mother±son dyads. More specifically, mothers with daughters displayed more physical and visual contact, and were also rated as more sensitive than mothers with sons. It was also found that girls were judged as being more compliant than boys.

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“…Clearly, both genders develop in a context of both connectedness and autonomy, yet the balance between these two may differ (Pipp, 1990). Aries and Olver (1985) reported that mothers maintain more closeness, both physically and in the amount of interaction, with girls than boys after 12 months of age. Fagot (1978) observed parents encouraging toddler boys to explore, while responding more positively to girls' requests for help.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Novel Landomycins M and O through Targeted Gene Disruption

et al. 2005

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Two genes from Streptomyces cyanogenous S136 that encode the reductase LanZ4 and the hydroxylase LanZ5, which are involved in landomycin A biosynthesis, were characterized by targeted gene inactivation. Analyses of the corresponding mutants as well as complementation experiments have allowed us to show that LanZ4 and LanZ5 are responsible for the unique C-11-hydroxylation that occurs during landomycin biosynthesis. Compounds accumulated by the lanZ4/Z5 mutants are the previously described landomycin F and the new landomycins M and O.

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Sex Differences in the Development of a Separate Sense of Self During Infancy: Directions for Future Research

Abstract: Women have been characterized as having more difficulty than men in developing a separate sense of self. This sex difference is held to have

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Engendering health: A social constructionist examination of men's health beliefs and behaviors.

Engendering health: A social constructionist examination of men's health beliefs and behaviors.

Social proximity in early mother–infant interactions: implications for gender differences?

Generation of Novel Landomycins M and O through Targeted Gene Disruption

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