Sex differences in the interaction of short-term particulate matter exposure and psychosocial stressors on C-reactive protein in a Puerto Rican cohort

Fuller, Christina H.; Appleton, Allison A.; Bulsara, Purva; OʼNeill, Marie S.; Chang, Howard H.; Sarnat, Jeremy A.; Falcón, Luis M.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Brugge, Doug

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100500

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…2007 , 2014 ; Fuller et al. 2017 , 2019 ). Social capital and social support are similar to stress, in that they are potential modifiers of the AP–health association; however, they may provide a source of resilience, not risk ( Wang et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding by Socioeconomic Status in Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Health: Challenges and Opportunities

Hajat

MacLehose

Rosofsky

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Despite a vast air pollution epidemiology literature to date and the recognition that lower-socioeconomic status (SES) populations are often disproportionately exposed to pollution, there is little research identifying optimal means of adjusting for confounding by SES in air pollution epidemiology, nor is there a strong understanding of biases that may result from improper adjustment. Objective: We aim to provide a conceptualization of SES and a review of approaches to its measurement in the U.S. context and discuss pathways by which SES may influence health and confound effects of air pollution. We explore bias related to measurement and operationalization and identify statistical approaches to reduce bias and confounding. Discussion: Drawing on the social epidemiology, health geography, and economic literatures, we describe how SES, a multifaceted construct operating through myriad pathways, may be conceptualized and operationalized in air pollution epidemiology studies. SES varies across individuals within the contexts of place, time, and culture. Although no single variable or index can fully capture SES, many studies rely on only a single measure. We recommend examining multiple facets of SES appropriate to the study design. Furthermore, investigators should carefully consider the multiple mechanisms by which SES might be operating to identify those SES indicators that may be most appropriate for a given context or study design and assess the impact of improper adjustment on air pollution effect estimates. Last, exploring model contraction and expansion methods may enrich adjustment, whereas statistical approaches, such as quantitative bias analysis, may be used to evaluate residual confounding. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7980

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding by Socioeconomic Status in Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Health: Challenges and Opportunities

Hajat

MacLehose

Rosofsky

et al. 2021

Environ Health Perspect

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“…While lifestyle risk factors are often considered in the evaluation of the effects possibly caused by exposure to urban air pollution, psychosocial stress is very rarely considered. A quite recent study investigating the association between psychosocial stressors (depression, acculturation, perceived stress, discrimination, negative life events) and ambient particle number concentration found that for Puerto Rican adults, cardiovascular non-innate susceptibility to adverse effects of ambient particles may be greater for women under high stress [175]. Mental health factors (e.g., anxiety and depressive symptoms) and the role of these factors in the responses to environmental effects (in this case, exposure to urban air pollutants) could be investigated.…”

Section: Lifestyle and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

There Is Still a Need for a Comprehensive Investigation of the Health Consequences of Exposure to Urban Air with Special Regard to Particulate Matter (PM) and Cardiovascular Effects

Berlinger,

Fehérvári,

Kővágó

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Air pollution is a foremost public health problem worldwide. The pulmonary effects of air pollution have been well established for decades, and substantial epidemiological evidence is consistently showing that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution is linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The underlying cause for this link is, however, still unknown, and many questions remain open. Most of the epidemiological studies focusing on health consequences of exposure to urban air used data from air monitoring stations or—when applying personal sampling or monitoring—measured a limited number of components to assess the exposure. On the other hand, studies conducting a decent exposure characterization and measuring a relatively large number of components with personal sampling had little or no focus on the effects and investigated only a few biomarkers. The number of research studies on this topic is huge, but at the same time, it seems as if there was no need for a comprehensive examination of the effects of urban air pollution on health. Researchers and research supporting organizations, in their fascination with the search for “novelty” and “beyond state-of-the-art”, do not seem to be aware of that they will never be able to assemble the whole picture from the puzzle pieces of research activities focusing only on certain aspects. Without a comprehensive investigation, we might never be able to answer such questions as (i) which of the urban air pollutants are forerunners in causing health effects, especially cardiovascular effects? (ii) Which biomarkers have the best predictor performance in early effects? (iii) Are there biomarkers or combinations of biomarkers that can help determine the degree of individual susceptibility and sensitivity and the dependence of these by different factors (e.g., age, gender, and physical activity)? The authors of this article aim to go through the already investigated—at the same time, essential—elements of the topic and propose a more comprehensive study, which, of course, can be expanded, debated, and improved.

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Developmental toxicant exposures and sex-specific effects on epigenetic programming and cardiovascular health across generations

Svoboda

Ishikawa

Dolinoy

2022

Environmental Epigenetics

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Despite substantial strides in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent the leading cause of death in the US and around the world, resulting in significant morbidity and loss of productive years of life. It is increasingly evident that environmental exposures during early development can influence CVD risk across the life course. CVDs exhibit marked sexual dimorphism, but how sex interacts with environmental exposures to affect cardiovascular health is a critical and understudied area of environmental health. Emerging evidence suggests that developmental exposures may have multi- and transgenerational effects on cardiovascular health, with potential sex differences; however, further research in this important area is urgently needed. Lead (Pb), phthalate plasticizers, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with numerous adverse human health effects. Notably, recent evidence suggests that developmental exposure to each of these toxicants has sex-specific effects on cardiovascular outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms, and their effects on future generations, require further investigation. This Review Article will highlight the role for the developmental environment in influencing cardiovascular health across generations, with a particular emphasis on sex differences and epigenetic mechanisms In particular, we will focus on the current evidence for adverse multi and transgenerational effects of developmental exposures to Pb, phthalates, and PFAS, and highlight areas where further research is needed.

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Sex differences in the interaction of short-term particulate matter exposure and psychosocial stressors on C-reactive protein in a Puerto Rican cohort

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Confounding by Socioeconomic Status in Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Health: Challenges and Opportunities

Confounding by Socioeconomic Status in Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Health: Challenges and Opportunities

There Is Still a Need for a Comprehensive Investigation of the Health Consequences of Exposure to Urban Air with Special Regard to Particulate Matter (PM) and Cardiovascular Effects

Developmental toxicant exposures and sex-specific effects on epigenetic programming and cardiovascular health across generations

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