IntroductionSex-related differences have not been thoroughly explored in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The available data on symptom differences in female patients with COPD are quite limited. Most of the studies have not included a sufficient number of women within their scope to allow for accurate comparisons. Recent studies have suggested that while the overall prevalence and incidence of COPD are higher in men (1-3), the incidence of COPD in younger age groups (i.e. age 55-59) is now much higher in women (3). Women may be more susceptible to develop COPD and display more severe symptoms and activity intolerance (4). In addition, there are inadequate data available on the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) in female patients with COPD.Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent in patients with COPD (5). In general, psychiatric disorders are more common in women than in men (6,7). The extent to which women with COPD suffer from greater psychiatric and psychological morbidity remains unknown. Furthermore, there are limited data available about the impact of psychiatric disorders on the quality of life (QoL) and COPD severity in female patients in comparison to male patients (8).The CAT is a short, simple questionnaire for assessing and monitoring COPD. It has good measurement properties, is sensitive to differences in state, and provides a valid, reliable, and standardized measure of COPD health status with worldwide relevance (9). This study primarily aimed to evaluate the possible CAT differences between male and female patients with or without a significantly high level of anxiety and/or depression by employing the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2011 strategy (10), and finally to establish a correlation between psychological aspects, symptoms, functional parameters, and QoL.
Materials and methodsThis was a prospective observational study carried out between July 2013 and April 2014. The study was approved Background/aim: Sex-related differences have not been thoroughly explored in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to evaluate possible sex-related differences in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores of COPD patients with or without significant anxiety and/or depression.
Materials and methods:Stable COPD patients were prospectively enrolled in the study between July 2013 and April 2014. Levels of anxiety, depression, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life parameters were assessed using specific questionnaires, including the CAT and others. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and physiological tests were performed. All the data were compared to determine any sex-related differences.Results: A total of 128 COPD patients (86 men, 42 women, mean age: 60.5 ± 9.3 years) were included. The women were significantly younger and had lower pack-years of cigarette smoking, and higher biomass smoke exposure, but displayed similarly severe COPD as compared to men. Beck anxiety (13.5-11) and Beck depression (15-11) inventory results were significantly higher...