Sex Differences in the Relation between Waist Circumference within the Normal Range and Development of Reflux Esophagitis

Yang, Hyo‐Joon; Chang, Yoosoo; Park, Soo-Kyung; Jung, Yoon Suk; Park, Jung Ho; Park, Dong Il; Ryu, Seungho; Sohn, Chong Il

doi:10.3390/jcm8010067

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…An increase in waist circumference (adjusted for BMI) leads to intra-abdominal pressure and an increased propensity for acid reflux into the distal esophagus. Patients who experience reflux on at least a weekly basis tend to have more reflux symptoms as waist circumference increases (36).…”

Section: Bmi and Waist Circumferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the microbiome and esophageal disease

Okereke¹,

Hamilton²,

Wenholz³

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis.

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The incidence of esophageal diseases such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been increasing over the last 40 years. The esophageal microbiome appears to have a role in the development of some disease processes, and could also serve as markers of early diseases of the esophagus. A literature review was performed examining the role of the microbiome in the development of esophageal disease. In addition, the results of several studies and experiments were included in the review. Both EAC and GERD have increased in incidence over the last 40 years. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a risk factor for EAC. Patients with BE appear to have a microbiome expression pattern distinct from patients without BE. The distinct pattern may be related to factors within the distal esophagus such as a more acidic environment, intraluminal stasis and other elements. It remains unclear whether the change in microflora leads to esophageal disease, or whether the disease process within the esophagus allows these particular organisms to experience overgrowth compared to other microflora.Patient factors such as body mass index (BMI), diet and geographic location also appear to affect the esophageal microbiome. There is an association with the esophageal microbiome and several esophageal diseases. Future studies should examine these correlations more closely. The distinct patterns may be able to serve as a marker of early disease, and possibly lead to a mechanism for the development of esophageal disease.

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Section: Bmi and Waist Circumferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the microbiome and esophageal disease

Okereke¹,

Hamilton²,

Wenholz³

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, the risk of RE in females has a U-shaped relationship with AC, whereby low or high AC increases the risk of RE compared to medium AC, while in males, it increases monotonically. ( 19 ) This may indicate why AC was not identified as a risk factor for RE in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in risk factors for future onset of reflux esophagitis

Osaga

Nakada

Iwakiri

et al. 2021

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Reflux esophagitis is known to be more prevalent in males, and previous studies have suggested sex differences in its risk factors. However, little is known about sex differences in the time-course of risk factors before reflux esophagitis onset. Thus, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using health checkup records. From the records of 230,056 individuals obtained from nine institutes in Japan, we selected 1,558 male reflux esophagitis cases, 3,116 male controls, 508 female reflux esophagitis cases, and 1,016 female controls were selected. We compared time-courses of risk factors between the case and control groups and identified abdominal circumference (AC), diastolic blood pressure, alanine transaminase (ALT), and current smoking in males and body mass index (BMI) in females as sex-specific risk factors. We also found that AC and ALT in males and BMI in females were significantly different between the reflux esophagitis case and control groups during the five years before reflux esophagitis onset. Our results suggest that visceral fat-type obesity and fatty liver in males and higher BMI in females are more frequently observed in reflux esophagitis cases several years before reflux esophagitis onset, and that proactive intervention to lifestyle can help prevent reflux esophagitis in both males and females.

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