Sex differences with aging in nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow: impact of exercise training, nitric oxide, and α-adrenergic-mediated mechanisms

Favor, Justin D. La; Kraus, Raymond M.; Carrithers, John A.; Roseno, Steven L.; Gavin, Timothy P.; Hickner, Robert C.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00247.2014

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This beneficial flow pattern acutely increases endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation (12, 17), and chronically increases eNOS protein expression (17, 30), likely leading to greater NO bioavailability. However, while the current literature demonstrates a positive effect of increasing physical activity and fitness in terms of maintaining NO bioavailability with advancing age (7, 9, 21, 28, 38, 42), these conclusions are based exclusively on measurements made in the arm. Therefore, although providing important insight into vascular aging, these studies may not reflect changes in NO bioavailability in the potentially more important locomotor muscles of the lower limbs, which have a predisposition to develop vascular disease (8, 28, 55).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effect of Physical Activity on Passive Leg Movement–Induced Vasodilation with Age

Groot¹,

Rossman

Garten

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Introduction Due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability with age, passive leg movement (PLM)-induced vasodilation is attenuated in older sedentary subjects and, unlike the young, cannot be augmented by posture-induced elevations in femoral perfusion pressure. However, whether vasodilator function assessed with PLM, and therefore NO bioavailability, is preserved in older individuals with greater physical activity and fitness is unknown. Methods PLM was performed on four subject groups (young sedentary (Y, 23±1 yrs, n = 12); old sedentary (OS, 73±2 yrs, n = 12); old active (OA, 71±2 yrs, n = 10); old endurance trained (OT, 72±1 yrs, n = 10)) in the supine and upright-seated posture. Hemodynamics were measured utilizing ultrasound Doppler and finger photoplethysmography. Results In the supine posture, PLM-induced peak change in leg vascular conductance (ΔLVCpeak) was significantly attenuated in the OS compared to the young (OS: 4.9±0.5, Y: 6.9±0.7 ml/min/mmHg), but was not different from the young in the OA and OT (OA: 5.9±1.0, OT: 5.4±0.4 ml/min/mmHg). The upright-seated posture significantly augmented ΔLVCpeak in all but the OS (OS: 4.9±0.5, Y: 11.8±1.3, OA: 7.3±0.8, OT: 8.1±0.8 ml/min/mmHg), revealing a significant vasodilatory reserve capacity in the other groups (Y: 4.92±1.18, OA: 1.37±0.55, OT: 2.76±0.95 ml/min/mmHg). Conclusions As PLM predominantly reflects NO-mediated vasodilation, these findings support the idea that augmenting physical activity and fitness can protect NO bioavailability, attenuating the deleterious effects of advancing age on vascular function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effect of Physical Activity on Passive Leg Movement–Induced Vasodilation with Age

Groot¹,

Rossman

Garten

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“… 3 Moreover, the sympathetic nervous system has important control on peripheral blood flow through the vasoconstriction mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors. 4 These disorders contribute to the development of cardiovascular events throughout the aging process and are one of the major causes of death in the older adult population. 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular physical exercise improves cardiac autonomic and muscle vasodilatory responses to isometric exercise in healthy elderly

Oliveira¹,

Santos²,

Trombetta³

et al. 2017

CIA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic control and muscle vasodilation response during isometric exercise in sedentary and physically active older adults. Twenty healthy participants, 10 sedentary and 10 physically active older adults, were evaluated and paired by gender, age, and body mass index. Sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac activity (spectral and symbolic heart rate analysis) and muscle blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) were measured for 10 minutes at rest (baseline) and during 3 minutes of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of the maximum voluntary contraction (sympathetic excitatory maneuver). Variables were analyzed at baseline and during 3 minutes of isometric exercise. Cardiac autonomic parameters were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. Muscle vasodilatory response was analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Sedentary older adults had higher cardiac sympathetic activity compared to physically active older adult subjects at baseline (63.13±3.31 vs 50.45±3.55 nu, P=0.02). The variance (heart rate variability index) was increased in active older adults (1,438.64±448.90 vs 1,402.92±385.14 ms, P=0.02), and cardiac sympathetic activity (symbolic analysis) was increased in sedentary older adults (5,660.91±1,626.72 vs 4,381.35±1,852.87, P=0.03) during isometric handgrip exercise. Sedentary older adults showed higher cardiac sympathetic activity (spectral analysis) (71.29±4.40 vs 58.30±3.50 nu, P=0.03) and lower parasympathetic modulation (28.79±4.37 vs 41.77±3.47 nu, P=0.03) compared to physically active older adult subjects during isometric handgrip exercise. Regarding muscle vasodilation response, there was an increase in the skeletal muscle blood flow in the second (4.1±0.5 vs 3.7±0.4 mL/min per 100 mL, P=0.01) and third minute (4.4±0.4 vs 3.9±0.3 mL/min per 100 mL, P=0.03) of handgrip exercise in active older adults. The results indicate that regular physical activity improves neurovascular control of muscle blood flow and cardiac autonomic response during isometric handgrip exercise in healthy older adult subjects.

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“…16,17 Given the important pathological role of Nox-derived ROS, we sought to investigate the role of Nox in microvascular endothelial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of obese individuals, and to determine whether aerobic exercise training mitigates this dysfunction by modulating Nox or ROS scavenging. To accomplish these goals, we coupled our newly developed ROS measurement technique with our previously established microdialysis methodology of monitoring microvascular blood flow 18,19 to simultaneously measure in vivo ROS levels and microvascular endothelial function in skeletal muscle of human subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Sedentary, Obese Humans Is Mediated by NADPH Oxidase

Favor

Dubis

Yan

et al. 2016

ATVB

Self Cite

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Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) on microvascular endothelial function in obese human subjects and to determine the efficacy of an aerobic exercise intervention on alleviating obesity-associated dysfunctionality. Approach and Results Young, sedentary men and women were divided into lean (BMI 18–25; n=14), intermediate (BMI 28–32.5; n=13), and obese (BMI 33–40; n=15) groups. A novel microdialysis technique was utilized to detect elevated interstitial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide levels in the vastus lateralis of obese compared to both lean and intermediate subjects. Nutritive blood flow was monitored in the vastus lateralis via the microdialysis-ethanol technique. A decrement in acetylcholine-stimulated blood flow revealed impaired microvascular endothelial function in the obese subjects. Perfusion of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, lowered (normalized) H2O2 and superoxide levels and reversed microvascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects. Following 8-weeks of exercise, H2O2 levels were decreased in the obese subjects and microvascular endothelial function in these subjects was restored to levels similar to lean subjects. Skeletal muscle protein expression of the Nox subunits p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox were increased in obese relative to lean subjects, where p22phox and p67phox expression was attenuated by exercise training in obese subjects. Conclusions This study implicates Nox as a source of excessive ROS production in skeletal muscle of obese individuals, and links excessive Nox derived ROS to microvascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training proved to be an effective strategy for alleviating these maladies.

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Sex differences with aging in nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow: impact of exercise training, nitric oxide, and α-adrenergic-mediated mechanisms

Abstract: La Favor JD, Kraus RM, Carrithers JA, Roseno SL, Gavin TP, Hickner RC. Sex differences with aging in nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow: impact of exercise training, nitric oxide, and ␣-adrenergic-mediated mechanisms.

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

The Effect of Physical Activity on Passive Leg Movement–Induced Vasodilation with Age

The Effect of Physical Activity on Passive Leg Movement–Induced Vasodilation with Age

Regular physical exercise improves cardiac autonomic and muscle vasodilatory responses to isometric exercise in healthy elderly

Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Sedentary, Obese Humans Is Mediated by NADPH Oxidase

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