Sex estimation from the clavicle using 3D reconstruction, discriminant analyses, and neural networks in an Eastern Turkish population

Demir, Uğur; Etli, Yasin; Hekimoğlu, Yavuz; Kartal, Erhan; Keskin, Sıddık; Yavuz, Alparslan; Aşırdizer, Mahmut

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102043

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While the pelvis and skull-two crucial sex indicators-are frequently missing or injured, the clavicle may be recovered intact from scavenged and decomposed bones. Identifying the gender of skeletal remains is a crucial component in forensic anthropology (10,11) . Some studies were done on estimation of sex from the clavicle bones in different population groups which either used bone remains, digital photographs, 3D-CT or geometry morphometry analysis using different measurements and different age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Sex from Clavicle Bone Morphometry through 3D CT in Libyan Population

Ahmidan¹,

Ali²,

Gad³

2023

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Precise sex assessment relies over dimorphic dimensions measuring among unknown human remains is a necessary prerequisite for individuals' identification. Clavicle is a flat short bone appears to be better maintained than long bones. Anthropometric analyses of clavicles to determine the sex are evaluated in different populations with high accuracy. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) pictures are an effective technique for this. Objective:The aim of the current study was to study sexual dimorphism of the clavicle, as well as establishment of sex prediction equation among Libyan people by utilizing measurements of the clavicle which obtained from 3D-CT images. Subjects and methods: A total of 50 males and 50 females sexes dimensions were measured from 3D CT scans of the left clavicle: C1, C2 and C3 maximum clavicular length, midshaft circumference, and maximum diameter of the midshaft. C4, C5 and C6 indicated minimum midshaft diameter, maximum sternal end, and acromial end widths, respectively. Results: All the studied measurements in the left clavicle showed a statistical significant increase in males compared to females. C4 was the most single sexually dimorphic dimension of the left clavicle with 90% accuracy. Stepwise discriminant analyses of clavicular variables (C2, C4, and C6) yielded high accuracy at the rate of 99 % (99 % crossvalidated). Conclusion: 3D-CT morphomertric analyses of clavicle provide valuable data for identification of sex in modern Libyan population and can be used in forensic investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Sex from Clavicle Bone Morphometry through 3D CT in Libyan Population

Ahmidan¹,

Ali²,

Gad³

2023

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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“…In this study, in addition to discriminant analyses, sex determination was performed using several machine learning algorithms, namely, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), decision trees (DT), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). Artificial neural networks are one of the widely used artificial intelligence classification methods, which imitate the working principle of the human brain 10 . Support vector machines are another machine learning method and a powerful alternative to ANN as they can obtain more generalizable results 11 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial neural networks are one of the widely used artificial intelligence classification methods, which imitate the working principle of the human brain. 10 Support vector machines are another machine learning method and a powerful alternative to ANN as they can obtain more generalizable results. 11 Another machine learning method used in the study is decision trees.…”

Section: Sex Determination Using Machine Learning Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Estimation From the Paranasal Sinus Volumes Using Semiautomatic Segmentation, Discriminant Analyses, and Machine Learning Algorithms

Hekimoglu,

Sasani,

Etli

et al. 2023

Am J Forensic Med Pathol

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The aims of this study were to determine whether paranasal sinus volumetric measurements differ according to sex, age group, and right-left side and to determine the rate of sexual dimorphism using discriminant function analysis and machine learning algorithms. The study included paranasal computed tomography images of 100 live individuals of known sex and age. The paranasal sinuses were marked using semiautomatic segmentation and their volumes and densities were measured. Sex determination using discriminant analyses and machine learning algorithms was performed. Males had higher mean volumes of all paranasal sinuses than females (P < 0.05); however, there were no statistically significant differences between age groups or sides (P > 0.05). The paranasal sinus volumes of females were more dysmorphic during sex determination. The frontal sinus volume had the highest accuracy, whereas the sphenoid sinus volume was the least dysmorphic. In this study, although there was moderate sexual dimorphism in paranasal sinus volumes, the use of machine learning methods increased the accuracy of sex estimation. We believe that sex estimation rates will be significantly higher in future studies that combine linear measurements, volumetric measurements, and machine-learning algorithms.

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“…The pelvis and skull are conventionally used for sex estimation from bone remains in the forensic medical setting. However, a large amount of this information is often lost due to taphonomic processes, and other bones must be used for sex estimation [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric study of the scapula in a contemporary population from granada. Sex estimation and glenohumeral osteoarthritis prevalence

Garzón-Alfaro,

Botella,

Rus Carlborg

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Anthropometric studies of the scapula have been rare in Spanish populations, nevertheless they are of current interest in forensic anthropology for estimation of sex. Although the estimation of sex is usually carried out on the pelvis and skull, other measurements related to the scapula can be helpful when the skeletal remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis development is influenced, among others, by the morphology of the scapula, which is one of the less studied aspects. We carried out a descriptive study of anthropometric parameters in a series of 157 scapulae (82 individuals) on bone remains dated to the 20th century from a population of Granada (Southern Spain). Seventy seven (49%) were right-side and 80 (51%) left-side; 72 (45.9%) were from males and 85 (54.1%) from females, and the mean age at death was 70.76±11.7 years. The objective was to develop a discrimination function for sex estimation based on anthropometric parameters of the scapula other than those considered to date, and to analyze the prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis in relation to selected anthropometric parameters. A logistic regression model based on parameters of the upper-external segment of the scapula was done. The obtained formula: 1/1+e^ (- (-57.911 + 0.350*B + 0283*C + 0.249*b + 0.166*a +-0.100*β) classifies male sex with 98.3% accuracy and female sex with 92.1%. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis was detected in 16.6% of individuals and was related to age (p<0.05), scapular length (p<0.05), glenoid width (p<0.05), glenopolar angle (p<0.05), and α angle (p<0.05) in bivariate analyses but showed no significant associations in multivariate analyses. This approach can be useful for anthropological-forensic identification when scapula remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is significantly associated with a smaller α angle.

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Sex estimation from the clavicle using 3D reconstruction, discriminant analyses, and neural networks in an Eastern Turkish population

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of Sex from Clavicle Bone Morphometry through 3D CT in Libyan Population

Identification of Sex from Clavicle Bone Morphometry through 3D CT in Libyan Population

Sex Estimation From the Paranasal Sinus Volumes Using Semiautomatic Segmentation, Discriminant Analyses, and Machine Learning Algorithms

Anthropometric study of the scapula in a contemporary population from granada. Sex estimation and glenohumeral osteoarthritis prevalence

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