Sex hormone levels and change in left ventricular structure among men and post-menopausal women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Subramanya, Vinita; Zhao, Di; Ouyang, Pamela; Lima, João A.C.; Vaidya, Dhananjay; Ndumele, Chiadi E; Bluemke, David A.; Shah, Sanjiv J.; Güallar, Eliseo; Nwabuo, Chike C.; Allison, Matthew; Heckbert, Susan R.; Post, Wendy S.; Michos, Erin D.

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.11.006

Cited by 79 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with this, we previously found in this same cohort that a more androgenic sex hormone profile was associated with increased left ventricular mass in postmenopausal women. 19 We did not find an association of estradiol with aortic stiffness in women, but endogenous estradiol levels are low in women not on HT following the menopausal transition. Exogenous estrogen administration in the form of HT may have favorable effects on arterial stiffness.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Total testosterone and DHEA were measured directly with radioimmunoassay kits, and SHBG was measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunometric assay using Immulite kits (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA). 19 Free testosterone (reported as percent of total testosterone) was calculated using the Sodergard method. 20 The intra-assay coefficients of variation for total testosterone, SHBG, DHEA, and estradiol were 12.3%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 10.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation of Sex Hormone Levels With Prevalent and 10-Year Change in Aortic Distensibility Assessed by MRI: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Subramanya

Ambale-Venkatesh

Ohyama

et al. 2018

American Journal of Hypertension

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Sex Hormone Levels With Prevalent and 10-Year Change in Aortic Distensibility Assessed by MRI: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Subramanya

Ambale-Venkatesh

Ohyama

et al. 2018

American Journal of Hypertension

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“… 40 , 43 For postmenopausal women, estrogens decrease rapidly, and they are under a more androgenic pattern of sex hormones. 44 , 45 Although men also have age-related hormonal changes, the sex hormonal changes are gradual compared with menopause. 46 Thus MGD would be more severe in older men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Meibomian Gland Atrophy and the Potential Risk Factors for Middle Aged to Elderly Patients With Cataracts

Lin

Chen

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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To explore the characteristics of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy and its potential risk factors in the age-related cataract population. Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery at age 40 or older were enrolled in this study. Preoperative clinical measurement records were obtained, including lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, noninvasive breakup time, and meiboscore. The meibomian gland atrophy ratio (MGAR) was measured by the ImageJ software. Univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for MG atrophy. Results: Female patients had less atrophy of the MG compared with male patients. The MGAR, meiboscore, tear meniscus height (TMH), and lipid layer thickness (LLT) gradually increased with age. However, the noninvasive breakup time decreased with age. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that dyslipidemia and increased triglyceride levels were identified as independent protective factors for MG atrophy. We further stratified the model by sex, and the following results showed only in the female patients with dyslipidemia and increased triglyceride had decreased MG atrophy. No significant correlation was observed between MG atrophy and tear film parameters including TMH, noninvasive breakup time, and LLT. Conclusions: Our study suggests that age, sex, and diabetes are potential risk factors for MG atrophy. In addition, dyslipidemia and increased triglyceride levels are independent protective factors for MG atrophy in the elderly female population. Translational Relevance: MG atrophy is the leading cause of meibomian gland dysfunction. To study the characteristics and risk factors of MG atrophy in cataract patients would be helpful to predict and prevent postoperative development of MGD.

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“…These data are extremely important since both cohorts of patients in that study had a very high rate of secondary prevention medications after one year (i.e., beta-blockers 90-95% and ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II R-blockers 93-97% respectively in the two studies). Interestingly, sex hormones are associated differently with the morphology of the remodelled heart wall, and a more androgenic profile is responsible for a greater imbalance in the heart mass/volume ratio in females than in males [70].…”

Section: Sex Disparity In Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“Bridging the Gap” Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era

Gemmati

Varani

Bramanti

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.

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Sex hormone levels and change in left ventricular structure among men and post-menopausal women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Abstract: A more androgenic profile (higher free testosterone and lower SHBG levels) is associated with a greater increase in LVM in men and women and greater increase in M:V ratio in women over the course of 9 years.

Cited by 79 publications

References 29 publications

Relation of Sex Hormone Levels With Prevalent and 10-Year Change in Aortic Distensibility Assessed by MRI: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Relation of Sex Hormone Levels With Prevalent and 10-Year Change in Aortic Distensibility Assessed by MRI: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Characterization of Meibomian Gland Atrophy and the Potential Risk Factors for Middle Aged to Elderly Patients With Cataracts

“Bridging the Gap” Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era

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