Sex Hormone Suppression and Physical Activity: Possible Implications for Transgender Individuals

Abstract

Transgender individuals tend to be less physically active than cisgender individuals, and the primary focus of these physical activity barriers have been psychosocial in nature. Very little attention has been given to the role that changes in the sex hormone milieu (such as that occurring during gender-affirming hormone therapy) play on physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of sex hormone suppression using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on physical activity levels and patterns. Methods: Female and male rats received 4 weeks of sex hormone suppression using the GnRHa goserelin acetate (GA) or received a placebo as a control (CON). Animals were then allowed free access to voluntary running wheels, and activity was recorded throughout the treatment period. Results: Female rats receiving GA (F GA) had a significantly lower total wheel running distance than female CON (F CON, 53 -11 km vs. 113 -28 km, respectively, p = 0.042), and male rats receiving GA (M GA) had a significantly lower total wheel running distance when compared with male CON (M CON, 31 -7 km vs. 69 -18 km, respectively, p = 0.037). Differences in daily wheel running distances were first observed at day 18 between F GA and F CON ( p = 0.037) and at day 2 between M GA and M CON ( p = 0.021). Conclusion: Reduced sex hormone availability reduced wheel running activity in female and male rats. Understanding the role that sex hormone manipulation has on physical activity may be an important consideration in promoting physical activity in transgender individuals receiving treatments that reduce sex hormone availability.