Sex Hormones in Women With Elevated Breast Cancer Risk Undergoing Weight Loss

Stone, Sophia; Han, Claire J.; Senn, Taurence; Korde, Larissa A.; Allott, Kristen; Reding, Scott; Whittington, Dale; Reding, Kerryn W.

doi:10.1177/0193945918820672

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As described above, excess adipose tissue modulates steroid aromatization, resulting in elevated levels of estrogen and, therefore, increased breast cancer risk. Weight loss interventions have been shown to have beneficial effects on estradiol, free estradiol, sex hormone binding globin (SHBG) and free testosterone concentrations (117, 118). For example, the Nutrition and Exercise in Women (NEW) study revealed that participants in the diet plus exercise group had greater reductions in total body weight and waist circumference compared to diet-only and exercise-only groups (mean 8.9, 7.2, 2.0 kg, respectively) (119).…”

Section: Tackling Obesity: the Many Facets Of Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study found that overweight and obese postmenopausal women with >10 vs. <10% weight loss, had significant changes in bioavailable estradiol ( p < 0.001), testosterone ( p = 0.033), and SHBG ( p < 0.001) (121). Research studies and meta-analyses provide sufficient evidence that weight loss interventions, in the form of reduced caloric intake and exercise, are associated with significant reductions in sex-steroid hormones (39, 118).…”

Section: Tackling Obesity: the Many Facets Of Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Many Faces of Obesity and Its Influence on Breast Cancer Risk

2019

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Obesity is associated with increased risk of breast and other cancers. However, the complexity of the underlying mechanisms, together with the interplay of diet and physical activity-contributing to energy balance-and the role of adipose tissue, pose challenges to our understanding of the basis of this increased risk. Epidemiologic studies have documented a higher obesity prevalence in US black women compared to white women. Elucidation of the contribution of potential biological differences among racially distinct groups to their differences in breast cancer (BC) risk and mortality have been topics of considerable interest in recent years. The racial and ethnic variation in body fat distribution may account for at least part of the differences in breast cancer rates in these populations. Yet, while black women exhibit higher rates of obesity compared to white women, this does not translate directly into higher rates of BC. In fact, overall, BC in black women occurs with a lower incidence than BC in white women. Obesity is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, and growing evidence suggests that abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity, may increase risk for triple negative breast cancer, which is more common in premenopausal women. The positive association of postmenopausal BC risk and specifically estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC, is presumably due largely to accumulation of estrogen in the adipose tissue of the breast and other tissues. Of the two main types of adipose tissue-subcutaneous and visceral-visceral adipocytes are more active metabolically. Such adipose tissue harbors multiple molecular entities that promote carcinogenesis: endocrine molecules/hormones, immunologic factors, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic alterations, and other components of the microenvironment. Expression of these culpable entities is largely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. The interrelationship between these entities and drivers of epigenetic alteration are critical to the regulation of pathways connecting obesity and cancer risk. Initiatives to counteract the carcinogenic effects of obesity have primarily involved modulation of energy balance by diet. However, targeting of specific molecular abnormalities characterizing adiposity offers an alternative approach to preventing cancer. Our goal in this review is to first discuss the major mechanisms contributing to the obesity-breast cancer link. We will also consider race, specifically black/white differences, as they relate to the association of obesity with breast cancer risk. Then we will enumerate strategies targeting these mechanisms to reduce BC risk, in large part by way of dietary interventions with potential to mitigate the cancer-promoting components of adiposity.

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Section: Tackling Obesity: the Many Facets Of Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tackling Obesity: the Many Facets Of Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Many Faces of Obesity and Its Influence on Breast Cancer Risk

2019

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“…As a result of the intervention, a reduction in obesity was accompanied by a reduction in serum estrogen levels. However, statistically significant decreases in serum estradiol and estrone levels were not detected in the period of active adipose tissue loss, but instead 3 months after the intervention, in the period of body weight stabilization [63].…”

Section: The Effect Of Physical Activity On Women At Increased Risk O...mentioning

confidence: 85%

The effect of physical activity on sex hormone levels in women. Implications for breast cancer risk

Słojewska

2021

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplastic disease in women, which leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of life and a reduction in the ability of women to function normally in everyday life. The main risk factor for breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women is exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogen. It takes many years for neoplasia to develop, but lowering estrogen levels has been observed to reduce the risk of both a new diagnosis and recurrence of breast cancer. Observational studies have found that exercise reduces the level of bioavailable sex hormones, and thus may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Currently available evidence clearly shows that adequate levels of physical activity are associated with a 25-30% reduction in the average risk of breast cancer in women and play a role in its treatment. This review summarizes the data available in the literature on the effect of physical activity on the level of sex hormones in women, while presenting the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and the development of breast cancer. This issue requires further research, but already now, extensive educational campaigns are needed which can be aimed at young women to inform them on the possibility of significantly reducing their risk of breast cancer by introducing physical activity into their everyday lives.

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“…It was reported that elevated steroid hormone levels in obesity increased the mortality in hormone receptor-positive BC patients ( 64 ). In addition, increased estrogen levels were associated with obesity and independently correlated with an elevated risk of BC ( 65 ). Adipose tissue converts androstenedione to estrone by aromatase of stromal cells to produce estrogen after menopause.…”

Section: Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Landscape: The Mechanism and Therapeutic Impact of Obesity for Breast Cancer

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Obesity is defined as a chronic disease induced by an imbalance of energy homeostasis. Obesity is a widespread health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Breast cancer (BC) has already been the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Nowadays, the impact of the rising prevalence of obesity has been recognized as a nonnegligible issue for BC development, outcome, and management. Adipokines, insulin and insulin-like growth factor, sex hormone and the chronic inflammation state play critical roles in the vicious crosstalk between obesity and BC. Furthermore, obesity can affect the efficacy and side effects of multiple therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy and weight management of BC. In this review, we focus on the current landscape of the mechanisms of obesity in fueling BC and the impact of obesity on diverse therapeutic interventions. An in-depth exploration of the underlying mechanisms linking obesity and BC will improve the efficiency of the existing treatments and even provide novel treatment strategies for BC treatment.

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Sex Hormones in Women With Elevated Breast Cancer Risk Undergoing Weight Loss

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

The Many Faces of Obesity and Its Influence on Breast Cancer Risk

The Many Faces of Obesity and Its Influence on Breast Cancer Risk

The effect of physical activity on sex hormone levels in women. Implications for breast cancer risk

Current Landscape: The Mechanism and Therapeutic Impact of Obesity for Breast Cancer

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