Sex identification assay useful in great apes is not diagnostic in a range of other primate species

Ensminger, Amanda L.; Hoffman, Susan M.G.

doi:10.1002/ajp.1069

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…With respect to PCR-based sex determination, for example, recently verified that the sexing assay commonly employed in human forensic cases (which is based on a 6-base-pair difference in length between homologous regions of the amelogenin gene on the human X and Y chromosomes; Sullivan et al, 1993) is likewise effective for sexing noninvasively collected samples of gorillas, chimpanzees, and gibbons. Although not broadly tested in other catarrhines, preliminary data suggest that this assay will not work without modification outside of the hominoids (Ensminger and Hoffman, 2002;Di Fiore, unpublished data). Nonetheless, Wilson and Erlandsson (1998) developed a general PCR-based sexing assay for anthropoid primates which takes advantage of a several hundred base-pair size difference between the X and Y homologues of the zinc finger protein gene, and this assay has been used successfully in studies of wild populations of several New World primates (e.g., Lagothrix: Di Fiore, 2002; Aotus: Gagneux, personal communication).…”

Section: Conservation Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Fiore

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

107

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In the past several decades, the development of novel molecular techniques and the advent of noninvasive DNA sampling, coupled with the ease and speed with which molecular analyses can now be performed, have made it possible for primatologists to directly examine the fitness effects of individual behavior and to explore how variation in behavior and social systems influences primate population genetic structure. This review describes the theoretical connections between individual behavior and primate social systems on the one hand and population genetic structure on the other, discusses the kinds of molecular markers typically employed in genetic studies of primates, and summarizes what primatologists have learned from molecular studies over the past few decades about dispersal patterns, mating systems, reproductive strategies, and the influence of kinship on social behavior. Several important conclusions can be drawn from this overview. First, genetic data confirm that, in many species, male dominance rank and fitness are positively related, at least over the short term, though this relationship need not simply be a reflection of malemale contest competition over mates. More importantly, genetic research reveals the significance of female choice in determining male reproductive success, and documents the efficacy of alternative mating tactics among males. Second, genetic data suggest that the presumed importance of kinship in structuring primate social relationships needs to be evaluated further, at least for some taxa such as chimpanzees in which demographic factors may be more important than relatedness. I conclude this paper by offering several suggestions of additional ways in which molecular techniques might be employed in behavioral and ecological studies of primates (e.g., for conducting "molecular censuses" of unhabituated populations, for studying disease and host-parasite interactions, or for tracking seed fate in studies of seed dispersal) and by providing a brief introduction to the burgeoning field of nonhuman primate behavioral genetics. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 46:62-99, 2003.

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Section: Conservation Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Fiore

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

107

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“…In mammals, the sex-determining SRY and Zfx/y genes (Griffiths and Tiwari, 1993;Taberlet et al, 1993) and the enamel protein gene for amelogenin (Chen et al, 1999;Yamauchi et al, 2000;Bradley et al, 2001;Ensminger and Hoffman, 2002;Di Fiore, 2005) have been used to identify sex. Of these, amelogenin (AMEL) requires a single pair of primers only to amplify both X-and Y-linked alleles and shows a relatively large different in length between the X-and Y-chromosome fragments (Sullivan et al, 1993;Ennis and Gallagher, 1994;Yamauchi et al, 2000;Pfeiffer and Brenig, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex identification based on AMEL gene PCR amplification from blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) fecal DNA samples

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. The use of noninvasive genetic sampling to identify the sex of wild animals is an extremely valuable and important tool in molecular ecology and wildlife conservation. Sex determination using the amelogenin gene has been conducted in many species because only a single pair of primers is required to amplify both Xand Y-linked alleles. However, this method has not been used in field research with the feces of wildlife. In this study, we applied this method to 222 fecal samples from wild blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) using amelogenin primers (SE47/SE48) after testing the effectiveness of sex determination using tissue samples and fecal samples from blue sheep of known sex. We found this method to be highly reliable (80.2%) for blue sheep. Amelogenin can be used to identify the sex of wild animals using fecal samples.

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“…Recent progress in human molecular genetics has revealed that techniques developed for the genetic analyses of humans are applicable to the great apes because of their close genetic relationship (Moore et al 1991;Ensminger and Hoffman 2002). This fact is particularly advantageous, especially when considering the labor and time required to develop experimental techniques for individual species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such studies will also allow for the estimation of effective population size, which is an important consideration for conservation management. Several loci have been utilized for sex identification in humans: amelogenin (AMG) (Sullivan et al 1993;Ensminger and Hoffman 2002), SRY (Taberlet et al 1996), DXZ4 (Naito et al 1993), ZFX/ZFY (Wioson and Erlandsson 1998) and DYZ1 (Akane et al 1991). The AMG gene includes a particular deletion within the locus on the Y chromosome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such the size difference between the amplified loci from the X and Y chromosomes can be exploited for the purpose of sex identification Mannucci et al 1994). Human primers designed for the amplification of AMG loci can be used to analyze the samples collected from great apes, with the same size band appearing on gels following electrophoresis and staining in human and the great apes (Bradely et al 2001;Ensminger and Hoffman 2002). Although the size of the AMG loci are estimated to be the same in humans and apes it is expected that differences in the loci between species due to the occurrence of point mutation during their evolutionary history should be detectable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Species and sex identification of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) and humans

Matsubara

Basabose²,

Omari

et al. 2005

Primates

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Methods for the identification of the sex and species of individuals from samples non-invasively taken from humans and gorillas were established. Amplification of a segment of amelogenin (AMG), which is an X-Y homologous gene, using two pairs of primers from human AMG, revealed both X- and Y-specific bands. The possibility of sex identification was examined by typing the AMG gene using hair and fecal samples from captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Japan and hair samples from wild eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo, which were sexed by direct observation. Species-specific bands of AMG in gorillas and humans were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis. These tests could be used for sexing unidentified individuals of wild western and eastern lowland gorillas, and screening contamination of human DNA from non-invasively acquired samples.

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Sex identification assay useful in great apes is not diagnostic in a range of other primate species

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Sex identification based on AMEL gene PCR amplification from blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) fecal DNA samples

Species and sex identification of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) and humans

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