Sex in the School: Adolescent Sexuality, Sexual Space and Sex Education in Marzipan

Rédai, Dorottya

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20161-6_3

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The rather numerous sexual education and sexual psychology materials published in the state-socialist era also proclaimed gender equality, refused the sexual double standard, and thematized the issue of homosexuality as well, but the attitudes expressed were ultimately heteronormative (Rédai, 2013). The primary goal of sex education was to prepare youth for heteronormative family life and reproduction: “ Normal sexuality means attraction towards those of the opposite sex , and in the case of healthy, cultivated people it is interlaced with emotional and ethical elements” (Haraszti & Székely, 1965, p. 25; emphasis in original).…”

Section: (Homo)sexuality and State Socialism In Hungarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Deviant” behavior had to be controlled (mostly through the experts of medicine or psy sciences) because alternative sexualities and lifestyles threatened the system of family and society, so they were not private issues anymore. People with “pathological” sexualities did not conform to the principles of socialist ethics; therefore, they could not be good sexual citizens (Rédai, 2013). In a smaller number, models of (and discourses on) open relationships appeared too—the commune ideal of the early 1970s (Heller, 1970; Heller & Vajda, 1970) and the issue of extramarital sexuality and “open marriage” (Szilágyi, 1980).…”

Section: (Homo)sexuality and State Socialism In Hungarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the experts, it was women’s different psychosexual development and special physiological characteristics that delayed their self-identification as lesbians. It was a widespread view of sexologists that female orgasm was not “automatic” (contrary to the male one) but the result of a long and rugged path of maturation and learning (see Rédai, 2013). According to Szilágyi, “Their sexual responsiveness reaches the peak of its development only later, in their twenties.…”

Section: Female Homosexuality and Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homosexuality and psychiatry in state-socialist Hungary: Representing women’s same-sex desire in the psychomedical literature.

Borgos

2019

American Psychologist

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This study explores representations of homosexuality in the psychiatric and sexology literature between the 1960s and the 1980s in Hungary with special attention to women. The literature is indicative of how psy sciences interacted with the system of norms on gender and sexual orientation embedded within the social and political context of the era. Examination of these sources shows a predominantly pathologizing-normative discursive framework deployed by experts. The fundamental therapeutic aim was to achieve good social adaptation. In this process, psy experts were influential representatives of the heteronormative society, reinforcing gender norms and state(-socialist) family ideals. Within the psychological discourses on homosexuality, the case of women had some special characteristics. Their sexual choices were represented as more alterable than men's and linked to emotional factors in the first place. In women's case, there was usually no "need" for therapeutic conversion because socially prescribed gender norms worked strongly enough and the lack of sexual pleasure with men was not considered a significant problem. Professional and popular psychiatric and sexology literature on homosexuality indicate that whereas for men, transgressing normative (hetero)sexuality was the stronger taboo, for women, it was the unfulfilled order of marriage and motherhood that was considered the most serious deviance, and lesbian relationships had to be prevented for this reason. Public Significance StatementThe psychiatric literature on female homosexuality in state socialist Hungary demonstrates a predominantly pathologizing-normative approach. Attempts of conversion were less typical for women because socially prescribed gender norms worked strongly enough. The study suggests that-in accordance and interacting with socialist gender norms-it was less lesbian women's sexual behavior but the possible transgression of their family roles that was considered a major "deviance."

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Section: (Homo)sexuality and State Socialism In Hungarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Homo)sexuality and State Socialism In Hungarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Female Homosexuality and Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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