Sex-mediated effects of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on the incidence and severity of COVID-19; The need for genetic implementation

Alshahawey, Mona; Raslan, Mohamed; Sabri, Nagwa A.

doi:10.1016/j.retram.2020.08.002

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Desse modo, por se tratar de uma doença com uma suscetibilidade e gravidade altamente heterogênea (Pereira et al, 2020) é indiscutível a importância de estudos relacionados tanto com os fatores de riscos genéticos para a suscetibilidade quanto aos diferentes polimorfismos genéticos existentes em diferentes populações (Alshahawey, Raslan & Sabri, 2020) e aos fatores genéticos do hospedeiro (Choudhary et al, 2020;Debnath, Banerjee & Berk, 2020;Murray et al, 2020). Além dos mecanismos potenciais como a predisposição genética a doenças (Godri Pollitt et al, 2020;Murray et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020), expressão de genes que podem atuar como facilitadores da entrada do SARS-CoV-2 nos indivíduos, do processo de replicação, da resposta imunológica (Chakravarty et al, 2020;Debnath, Banerjee & Berk, 2020) e até mesmo da resistência do hospedeiro a essa doença (Godri Pollitt et al, 2020;Gutierrez, Beckford & Alachkar, 2020;Mohammadpour et al, 2020;Murray et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Recentemente, verificou-se que tanto a Enzima de Conversão da Angiotensina 2 (ACE2) quanto a Protease Serina Transmembrana tipo 2 (TMPRSS2), estão desempenhando um papel crucial para a entrada do vírus nas células hospedeiras, onde, ACE2 é considerado o principal receptor para o pico da proteína (S), através do qual o vírus pode se ligar às células-alvo. Enquanto o gene TMPRSS2 cliva a proteína (S), permitindo a fusão adicional do vírus e da membrana celular (Alshahawey, Raslan & Sabri, 2020). O SARS-CoV-2 tem uma forte interação com o receptor ACE2 humano, que desempenha um papel essencial na entrada da célula juntamente com a serina protease 2 transmembrana (TMPRSS2) (Gemmati, 2020).…”

Section: Genes Associados à Suscetibilidade De Covid-19unclassified

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Influência da suscetibilidade genética na incidência e mortalidade de COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Galisa

Almeida

Soares

et al. 2021

RSD

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Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a influência da suscetibilidade genética na incidência e mortalidade de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão descritiva da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED e Science direct utilizando os seguintes descritores: genetic susceptibility” AND “COVID-19”. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos científicos disponíveis gratuitamente, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português e que foram publicados em 2020. Foram excluídos os artigos duplicados entre as bases. Ao final 58 estudos seguiam os critérios estabelecidos. Os genes ACE2 e TMPRSS2, têm potencial para intervenção profilática e terapêutica nos estágios iniciais de infecção por SARS-CoV-2, desempenhando um papel crucial para a entrada do vírus nas células hospedeiras. Além disso, o lócus do Antígeno Leucocitário Humano (HLA), parece ser crucial para influenciar a suscetibilidade e a gravidade do COVID-19. Indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentam uma maior taxa de mortalidade e de gravidade para a COVID-19, sendo relacionado a uma expressão mais significativa de ACE2 e diferenças na regulação epigenética de ACE2. A suscetibilidade genética pode contribuir para a variabilidade clínica interindividual associada ao COVID-19, permitindo uma avaliação de risco baseada em evidências levando a medidas preventivas personalizadas e opções terapêuticas.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Genes Associados à Suscetibilidade De Covid-19unclassified

Influência da suscetibilidade genética na incidência e mortalidade de COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Galisa

Almeida

Soares

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…It has been established that molecular markers of the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells can be increase in the activity of serine protease 2 and modulation of the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, which are closely related to ACE2 [ 92 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. The same target is used to assess the effectiveness of a drug in model systems and the interaction of metabolic enzymes [ 97 ].…”

Section: A Year Of Fighting the Covid-19 Pandemic: Is It Already Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-Based Resources for COVID-19 Diagnostics: Traditional Tools and Novel Technologies. A Perspective of Personalized Medicine

Andryukov

Беседнова

Кузнецова

et al. 2021

JPM

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The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has provoked a global healthcare and economic crisis. The control over the spread of the disease requires an efficient and scalable laboratory-based strategy for testing the population based on multiple platforms to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis. With the onset of the pandemic, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method has become a standard diagnostic tool, which has received wide clinical use. In large-scale and repeated examinations, these tests can identify infected patients with COVID-19, with their accuracy, however, dependent on many factors, while the entire process takes up to 6–8 h. Here we also describe a number of serological systems for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These are used to assess the level of population immunity in various categories of people, as well as for retrospective diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 in patients. However, the widespread use of traditional diagnostic tools in the context of the rapid spread of COVID-19 is hampered by a number of limitations. Therefore, the sharp increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 necessitates creation of new rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific tests. In this regard, we focus on new laboratory technologies such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), which have proven to work well in the COVID-19 diagnostics and can become a worthy alternative to traditional laboratory-based diagnostics resources. To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare system requires a combination of various types of laboratory diagnostic testing techniques, whodse sensitivity and specificity increases with the progress in the SARS-CoV-2 research. The testing strategy should be designed in such a way to provide, depending on the timing of examination and the severity of the infection in patients, large-scale and repeated examinations based on the principle: screening–monitoring–control. The search and development of new methods for rapid diagnostics of COVID-19 in laboratory, based on new analytical platforms, is still a highly important and urgent healthcare issue. In the final part of the review, special emphasis is made on the relevance of the concept of personalized medicine to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the recent studies carried out to identify the causes of variation in individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of treatment.

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“…Recently, vitamin D deficiency was accused to be a risk factor for COVID-19. Vitamin D could act as an inhibitor for the virus entry through interacting with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2), the one that serves as the entry point for the virus which having its (S) protein spike [6] . Calcitriol or (di-hydroxy vitamin D) can exert pronounced effects on ACE2/Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor axis, enhancing the expression of ACE2 [7] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcitriol or (di-hydroxy vitamin D) can exert pronounced effects on ACE2/Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor axis, enhancing the expression of ACE2 [7] . However, ACE2 polymorphisms have also been reported in different populations [6] . Additionally, there are increasing evidences reporting the vitamin D modulatory response on the macrophages, preventing them from the extra release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Cytokine storm) [8] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A genetic insight into vitamin D binding protein and COVID-19

Alshahawey

2021

Medical Hypotheses

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It’s since December 2019 that Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has emerged to be the global issue of concern. A “pandemic”; this is what WHO has declared about the COVID-19 outbreak on March 3rd, 2020. Vitamin D and its deficiency have recently been claimed to be one of the potential factors affecting COVID-19 risks and outcomes [1] . As Selberstein et al., has recently discussed the effect of vitamin D deficiency, and the role of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients [2] , I’d believe that vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is maybe also involved. A closer look on DBP and its action on regulating the circulatory vitamin D levels, its polymorphisms and their impact on COVID-19 prevalence and mortality, will be briefly discussed.

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Sex-mediated effects of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on the incidence and severity of COVID-19; The need for genetic implementation

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Influência da suscetibilidade genética na incidência e mortalidade de COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Influência da suscetibilidade genética na incidência e mortalidade de COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Laboratory-Based Resources for COVID-19 Diagnostics: Traditional Tools and Novel Technologies. A Perspective of Personalized Medicine

A genetic insight into vitamin D binding protein and COVID-19

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