Sex pheromone chemistry of the western spruce budwormChoristoneura occidentalis Free

Abstract

SCOT capillary Chromatographic and SCOT capillary chromatographic-mass spectrometic analyses of gland washes and effluvia of virgin femaleChoristoneura occidentalis Free, have been conducted with both a diapausing and nondiapausing strain of this insect. The following compounds were identified in gland washes and effluvia in both strains:E andZ11-14∶Ald,E andZ11-14∶Ac,E andZ11-14∶OH and 14∶Ald, 14∶Ac, and 14∶OH. The average aldehyde: acetate: alcohol ratio found by analysis of single glands by virgin females (nondiapausing strain) was 1∶7∶0.73. Analysis of virgin female effluvia gave this ratio as 10∶3∶8 (diapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 15, respectively) and 10∶3∶6 (nondiapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 12, respectively). The saturated components were generally 1-2% of theE isomer in each case. Comparisons of EAG responses of bothC. occidentalis andC. fumiferana toE11-14∶Ald,E11-14∶Ac andE11-14∶OH were made. Correlations with both laboratory and field data previously published were also made betweenC. fumiferana andC. occidentalis.

EFFECTS OF ATTRACTANT COMPOSITION AND RELEASE RATE ON ATTRACTION OF MALE CHORISTONEURA RETINIANA, C. OCCIDENTALS, AND C. CARNANA (LEPIDOPTERA : TORTRICIDAE)

“…The addition of 1:O. Silk et al (1982) reported that females of C. occidentalis release TDALs, TDACs, and TDOLs in a ratio of 10:3:8 but Cory et al (1982), using a different technique, found that C. occidentalis released TDALs and TDACs in a 98:2 ratio but did not release TDOLs in a detectable quantity. This supports the findings of Cory et al (1982) that addition of TDACs and TDOLs did not affect attraction of C. occidentalis to TDALs in south-central British Columbia and south-central Oregon.…”

“…All dosages are given as proportions of the average natural release rate of TDALs from 1 female C. occidentalis (3 nglh (Cory et al 1982;Silk et al 1982)). Baits were prepared by applying a 100-pL dichloromethane solution of pheromone components to red rubber septa (#8753-D22, Arthur H. Thomas, Philadelphia, PA).…”

“…occidentalis and C . Cory et al (1982) and Silk et al (1982) identified a 92:8 ratio of (Q-and ( a -1 1-tetradecenals as active components of the attractant pheromone produced by female C. occidentalis. Resolution of this problem requires an evaluation of the mechanism(s) of reproductive isolation.…”

IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD TESTING OF PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF CHORISTONEURA ORAE (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

“…in June and July of 1962. Subsequent studies (Sanders et al 1974;Sanders and Weatherston 1976;Cory et al 1982;Silk et al 1982) showed that female C . and Alaska.…”

SEX PHEROMONE OF THE MAPLE LEAF ROLLER CENOPIS ACERIVORANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

“…A number of insect pests of Canadian forests use different ratios of these aldehydes as part of their pheromone blends (see Discussion), the most important being the spruce budworm, February 1983 Choristoneura fumiferana (Sanders and Weatherston 1976;Silk et al 1980), the westem budworm, C . occidentalis (Silk et al 1982), and the oak leaf shredder, Croesia semipurpurana (Grant et al 1981;Weatherston et al 1978). Thus another reason for identifying the sex pheromone of the maple leaf roller was to provide additional information on species that are attracted to pheromone monitoring traps baited with these aldehydes.…”