Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Black Cutworm Moth in China: Identification and Field Trials

Yuyong, Xiang; Yang, Mao‐Fa; Li, Zizhong

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1141.2009.01059

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Five putative sex pheromone components extracted from A. ipsilon sex pheromone gland are unsaturated fatty acids with acetate as the functional group and 16 or less carbons [38]. At least three active pheromone components ( Z 7-12:OAc, Z 9-14:OAc and Z 11-16:OAc) have been identified in A. ipsilon strains from China [38], North America [45], France [46] and Japan [47]. It is reasonable to propose that the saturated fatty acid precursor of A. ipsilon sex pheromones would be palmitic acid (16:0) which is desaturated by ∆11-desaturase to form the precursor Z 11-16:acyl-CoA for the production of two major ( Z 7-12:OAc and Z 9-14:OAc) and two minor ( Z 11-16:OAc and Z5-10:Ac) pheromone components (Figure 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pheromone-specific desaturases introduce double bond(s) into the fatty acids at specific positions along the chain. Five putative sex pheromone components extracted from A. ipsilon sex pheromone gland are unsaturated fatty acids with acetate as the functional group and 16 or less carbons [ 38 ]. At least three active pheromone components ( Z 7-12:OAc, Z 9-14:OAc and Z 11-16:OAc) have been identified in A. ipsilon strains from China [ 38 ], North America [ 45 ], France [ 46 ] and Japan [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calling behavior of female A. ipsilon moths begins on the first night after eclosion and increases sharply, peaking on the third night [38]. So in order to cover all genes involved in pheromone biosynthesis, four glands of 1-day-old females, four glands of 2-day-old females and ten glands of 3-day-old females were dissected during the second half of the scotophase, which is reported to be the calling period of this moth [69-71].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon is a destructive polyphagous insect pest of many crops and for a strain from China the female sex pheromone blend comprises five main acetate components: ( Z )-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc), ( Z )-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), ( Z )-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:OAc), ( Z )-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12:OAc) and ( Z )-5-decenyl acetate (Z5-10:OAc) [ 38 ]. These components indicate the involvement of different desaturases and ß-oxidases during the sex pheromone biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of genes expressed in the sex pheromone gland of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon with putative roles in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport

Guo

et al. 2013

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundOne of the challenges in insect chemical ecology is to understand how insect pheromones are synthesised, detected and degraded. Genome wide survey by comparative sequencing and gene specific expression profiling provide rich resources for this challenge. A. ipsilon is a destructive pest of many crops and further characterization of the genes involved in pheromone biosynthesis and transport could offer potential targets for disruption of their chemical communication and for crop protection.ResultsHere we report 454 next-generation sequencing of the A. ipsilon pheromone gland transcriptome, identification and expression profiling of genes putatively involved in pheromone production, transport and degradation. A total of 23473 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome analysis, 86% of which were A. ipsilon specific. 42 transcripts encoded enzymes putatively involved in pheromone biosynthesis, of which 15 were specifically, or mainly, expressed in the pheromone glands at 5 to 120-fold higher levels than in the body. Two transcripts encoding for a fatty acid synthase and a desaturase were highly abundant in the transcriptome and expressed more than 40-fold higher in the glands than in the body. The transcripts encoding for 2 acetyl-CoA carboxylases, 1 fatty acid synthase, 2 desaturases, 3 acyl-CoA reductases, 2 alcohol oxidases, 2 aldehyde reductases and 3 acetyltransferases were expressed at a significantly higher level in the pheromone glands than in the body. 17 esterase transcripts were not gland-specific and 7 of these were expressed highly in the antennae. Seven transcripts encoding odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 8 encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified. Two CSP transcripts (AipsCSP2, AipsCSP8) were highly abundant in the pheromone gland transcriptome and this was confirmed by qRT-PCR. One OBP (AipsOBP6) were pheromone gland-enriched and three OBPs (AipsOBP1, AipsOBP2 and AipsOBP4) were antennal-enriched. Based on these studies we proposed possible A. ipsilon biosynthesis pathways for major and minor sex pheromone components.ConclusionsOur study identified genes potentially involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport in A. ipsilon. The identified genes are likely to play essential roles in sex pheromone production, transport and degradation and could serve as targets to interfere with pheromone release. The identification of highly expressed CSPs and OBPs in the pheromone gland suggests that they may play a role in the binding, transport and release of sex pheromones during sex pheromone production in A. ipsilon and other Lepidoptera insects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of genes expressed in the sex pheromone gland of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon with putative roles in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport

Guo

et al. 2013

BMC Genomics

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“…The sex pheromones of I. sibirica were recently identified as (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:Ac), (Z)‐7‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z7–14:Ac), and (Z)‐9‐hexadecadecenyl acetate (Z9–16:Ac) (Zhang et al, ). As seen in other pest species (Fang et al, ; Chen et al, ; Xiang et al, ; Zhang et al, ), sex pheromones could offer an environmentally friendly and effective measure to control this pest. However, despite the numerous successes, further field tests were limited in Palpita unionalis , caused by a lack of understanding of the pheromone biology (Mazomenos et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

DIEL RHYTHMS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND PHEROMONE TITERS IN Isoceras sibirica ALPHERAKY (LEPIDOPTERA, COSSIDAE)

Liu

Zhao²,

Yang

et al. 2013

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The adult behavior and sex pheromone titers of Isoceras sibirica Alpheraky (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) were investigated to determine the diel periodicity of pheromone production during one scotophase and the effect of age on pheromone production. The results showed that females began to call on the first night after eclosion and called mainly during the second half of scotophase. The percentage of females calling was highest in 1- to 3-day-old females and lowest in 4- to 5-day-old females. The onset of scotophase calling occurred earlier as females aged. The responses to the pheromone source of males aged 1-5 days were monitored in a wind tunnel. Peak activity was observed in 3-day-old males, 4 h after the onset of the scotophase. The mating of all 1- to 3-day-old moths began after 6 h in scotophase and some 4- to 5-day-old moths began during the fourth hour. The average duration of copulation was 34.2 ± 18.2 min (N = 45) and ranged from 17.0 to 56.3 min. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of hexane extracts of pheromone glands revealed that the titers of the three sex pheromone components, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-hexadecadecenyl acetate were very low on the first night after eclosion, increased and peaked on the second night, then decreased with age. During the first 4 h of the scotophase, titers remained invariant, whereas from 4 to 6 h, pheromone titers increased sharply and peaked, with the greatest peak observed in the primary component, Z9-14:Ac. After the peak, all recorded titers declined until they reached a minimum between the ninth and tenth hours of the dark cycle. In field tests, most of the males were captured in traps during 00:00-02:00 h (13 ± 0.48), and females aged 2 days attracted more males than females of other ages. We infer that the I. sibirica mating system is organized around circadian control of mate calling and mating.

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Calling Behavior and Rhythms of Sex Pheromone Production in the Black Cutworm Moth in China

Yuyong

Yang

2009

J Insect Behav

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Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Black Cutworm Moth in China: Identification and Field Trials

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Identification of genes expressed in the sex pheromone gland of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon with putative roles in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport

Identification of genes expressed in the sex pheromone gland of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon with putative roles in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport

DIEL RHYTHMS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND PHEROMONE TITERS IN Isoceras sibirica ALPHERAKY (LEPIDOPTERA, COSSIDAE)

Calling Behavior and Rhythms of Sex Pheromone Production in the Black Cutworm Moth in China

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