Sex pheromone of cranberry fruitworm,Acrobasis vaccinii riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

The following compounds and (approximate ratios) were identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of femaleAcrobasis vaccinii Riley by comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric traces with those of synthetic standards: (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, (Z,Z), and (E,E)-8, 10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetates (100:1:2:12), a dodecen-l-ol acetate (8), (Z)-8-, (Z)-9-, and (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetates (3:23:4), two heptadecen-l-ol acetates (4:4), tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and heptadecyl acetates (3:15:10:8), dodecan-l-ol (6), tetradecan-l-ol (5), and hexadecan-l-ol (23). The amount of (E,Z)-8, 10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetate (E8,Z10-15:Ac) in the extract was about 0.5 ng/female. Electroantennographic analysis of gas chromatographic fractions of female sex pheromone gland extract showed that the fraction containingE8,Z10-15:Ac elicited the greatest response. Alone,E8,Z10-15:Ac failed to elicit upwind flight of males in flight-tunnel tests, and traps baited with it did not catch males in field experiments. WhenE8,Z10-15:Ac was combined with (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetate (100:4), male upwind flight response in flight-tunnel tests was equivalent to those obtained with extract of female sex pheromone glands (synthetic, 62%; natural, 51%), but the percent of males flying upwind that contacted the source was lower (synthetic, 47%; natural, 88%). The lower percent of source contact elicited by the synthetic pheromone could be a result of the difference in isomer ratios of 8,10-15:Ac in the natural and synthetic pheromone or could indicate that the synthetic pheromone is incomplete. Traps baited with the 100:4 combination caught large numbers of males in field experiments.

Lepidopteran Sex Pheromones

“…The shorter-Rt isomers of 3,4-, 6,7-, and 9,10-epoxyicosanes with an S,R configuration have small alkyl groups on the left side and large alkyl groups on the right side in this figure, where the epoxy oxygen atom is set upward and behind the plane of this paper. It has been speculated that the enantiomer of a di-substituted epoxyalkene with this configuration regularly 86 T. Ando et al 15 Stereoisomers of cis-epoxides, which elute faster from a Chiralcel OJ-R column than their enantiomers [75] elutes faster from the OJ-R column. The (S,R)-isomers of 3,4-and 6,7-epoxydienes with a C 17 to C 23 chain, which also possess this configuration, invariably have shorter Rts.…”

“…56 T. Ando et al The straight chain is dominantly formed with even-numbered carbons because the Type I compounds are derived de novo via general saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (16:Acid) and stearic acid (18:Acid). However, exceptions do exist as pheromone components with an odd number chain have been determined from six species: E4,Z7-13:OAc and E4,Z7,Z10-13:OAc from P. operculella, [11], E4-13:OAc from the tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella, Gelechiidae) [12], E3-13:OAc from the tobacco stem borer (Scrobipalpa heliopa, Gelechiidae) [13], Z8-13:OAc and Z10-15:OAc from the sugarcane stalk borer (Chilo auricilius, Pyralidae: Crambinae) [14], E8,Z10-15:OAc and E9-15:OAc from the cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis vaccinii, Pyralidae: Phycitinae) [15], and Z11-17:OAc from the cabbage armyworm (Mamestra brassicae, Noctuidae: Hadeninae) [16]. Figure 3A shows the location of the double-bond relative to a functional group of the Type I monoenyl components.…”

Distribution of Egg and Larval Populations of Cranberry Fruitworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Cherry Fruitworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Highbush Blueberries

“…Consequently, a reliable sampling scheme would provide decisionmakers with a method of deciding when, and where, intervention is required, and thus avoid unnecessary insecticide applications at sites where fruitworm populations are low enough not to warrant the expense. Although pheromone lures are commercially available for monitoring males of cranberry fruitworm (McDonough et al 1994) and cherry fruitworm (Roelofs et al 1969), they are used to alert growers to the start of adult emergence rather than to predict population size. However, the timing of the Þrst chemical control is often made at petal fall when the calyx cup oviposition site becomes accessible to female fruitworms, rather than if these insects are detected.…”

Multi-Species Mating Disruption in Cranberries (Ericales: Ericaceae): Early Evidence Using a Flowable Emulsion

“…The molecular identities and loading concentrations of the sex pheromones for the targeted species ( A. vaccinii and R. naevana ) were based on previous studies (McDonough et al 1994, Fitzpatrick et al 1995). The active ingredients (AIs) for the cranberry fruitworm ( A. vaccinii ) pheromone blend were E 8, Z 10-15:Ac and E 9-15:Ac, combined at a 100:4 ratio (McDonough et al 1994).…”

“…The active ingredients (AIs) for the cranberry fruitworm ( A. vaccinii ) pheromone blend were E 8, Z 10-15:Ac and E 9-15:Ac, combined at a 100:4 ratio (McDonough et al 1994). These compounds were blended and applied at 25.7 g AI/ha in 2013.…”