Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. 42. Terrestrial Odor-Trail following by Pheromone-Stimulated Males of Trichoplusia ni1,2

Shorey, H. H.; Farkas, Stanley R.

doi:10.1093/aesa/66.6.1213

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This probably takes the form of turning tendency bursts to the antenna side, which thus results in an arcadic structure of the tracks. Tropotaxis was also found in orientation in a separate series of unpublished experiments, where an odour trail on a filter paper was followed with typical tropotactical reactions like those found in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Shorey & Farkas, 1973) and in ants (Lindauer & Martin, 1963;Martin, 1964;Hangartner, 1967). In these experiments with pheromone, but without wind, gypsy moths with one antenna amputated showed circus movements as predicted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Orientation of male moths towards conspecific females which are releasing pheromone, is based on anemotaxis (wind-directed orientation) modulated by the attractant pheromone (see: Shorey, 1973;Kennedy, 1978;Bell & Tobin, 1982). The mechanism of such 'pheromone modulated anemotaxis' during walking has been Correspondence: Dr R. Preiss, Max-Planck-Institut fur Verhaltensphysiologie, D-8131 Seewiesen, F.R.G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anemotactic orientation of gypsy moth males and its modification by the attractant pheromone (+)‐disparlure during walking

Preiss¹,

Kramer²

1986

Physiological Entomology

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Tracks of dewinged gypsy moth males, Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae), walking upwind in an airstream without pheromone consist of marked alternations between more or less straight upwind segments, partly with an arcadic structure, and twisted segments. This apparently complicated behaviour can, however, simply be explained by a superposition of noise and two turning commands: an upwind turning tendency, derived from the anemoreceptive system, which represents an average of the moth's angular positions over a period of time; and an internal turning tendency which consists of strong but brief bursts. These bursts are produced intermittently; successive bursts do not necessarily alternate polarity. Amputation of one antenna increases the probability of bursts towards the amputated side; therefore a separate burst source is postulated for each antenna. In the presence of the attractant pheromone (+)disparlure, the anemotactic signal is weighted higher; twisted segments are, therefore, less pronounced.There is a chemotropotactical component involved in the male's orientation. The tropotactical signal, dependent on the difference of odour concentration perceived by the left and right antenna, competes with the upwind turning tendency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemotactic orientation of gypsy moth males and its modification by the attractant pheromone (+)‐disparlure during walking

Preiss¹,

Kramer²

1986

Physiological Entomology

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“…Larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.) were reared from eggs on a modified pinto bean diet (Shorey & Hale, 1965). At pupation, moths were sexed and the males were isolated in large cages in a pressure-positive environmental chamber (L:D 14:10h, 25°C) to prevent undesirable pre-exposure to the female pheromone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Niehaus (1981) found that progressive amputation of the antennal flagellum reduced flight ability in the small tortoise-shell, Agluis urticae. Although this technique has been used quantitatively for walking insects (see Bell & Tobin, 1982;Bell, 1984, for reviews) and insects which normally fly being forced to walk (Martin, 1964;Shorey & Farkas, 1973;Preiss & Kramer, 1984), our approach was to use freeflying insects. In the present study a quantitative experimental comparison of the behaviour of antennectomized moths with control, shamoperated moths was facilitated by videorecording their respective flight tracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of unilateral antennectomy on the flight behaviour of male Heliothis virescens in a pheromone plume

Vickers

Baker

1991

Physiological Entomology

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.Unilaterally antennectomized Heliothis virescens (F.) males flying close to the central axis of a plume of sex pheromone display no significant differences in behaviour compared to sham‐operated males in course angles, track angles, airspeed and groundspeed. This demonstrates that right/left antennal information is not necessary for normal orientation movements in response to pheromone, but rather that it is ‘blended’ within the moth's central nervous system before pheromone‐mediated manoeuvres are made. However, some unilaterally antennectomized moths (36%) make repetitive, asymmetrical, saw‐tooth‐shaped tracks during pheromone‐mediated upwind progress, whereas control moths never make such tracks. Unilaterally antennectomized moths made such tracks on the side of the plume contralateral to the missing antenna. We hypothesize that these occasional asymmetrical tracks in unilaterally ablated males are the result of reiterative asymmetrical pheromone stimulation of a higher probability on track legs going toward rather than away from the long axis of the plume on males with a single antenna remaining on the ‘away from axis’ side. Combined with a greater propensity for treated moths to lock onto the plume away from the central axis on one side rather than the other, repetitive successive asymmetrical track legs (resulting in a saw‐tooth‐shaped track) are commonly observed in these moths. Control moths do also make asymmetric successive track legs but they rarely are repeated and thus are not readily observed.

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“…Insects are the ideal animal in which to test these ideas, since most both walk and fly. However, only a few studies have challenged flying plume trackers to track pheromone while walking [47,48], and none were designed to determine if the change in locomotion affected the odor sampling behavior. Our pilot experiments challenging M. sexta males to track pheromone plumes while walking have shown tracks that look very different from those generated during flying plume tracking behavior ( Figure 4).…”

Section: Effects Of Behavioral Context On Plume Tracking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Plume Tracking Behavior in Animals and Mobile Robots

Willis

2008

Navigation

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The most important and challenging feat of navigation for many animals is locating important resources by tracking fluid-borne chemicals. As molecules of a source dissolve into flowing air or water they form a patchy turbulent plume which results in the intermittent stimulation required by many odor tracking animals. Most animals need two pieces of information to track a plume: (1) the presence of odor, and (2) the direction of the flow. In most cases, steering into the flow and moving upstream while in contact with odor should lead the tracker to the odor's source. How plume trackers sample for odor information and what rules they use to generate the behavior we observe have been addressed using computer simulations or mobile robots as models of the biological trackers. These approaches also result in the development of control algorithms for autonomous man-made plume tracking systems.

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Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. 42. Terrestrial Odor-Trail following by Pheromone-Stimulated Males of Trichoplusia ni1,2

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Anemotactic orientation of gypsy moth males and its modification by the attractant pheromone (+)‐disparlure during walking

Anemotactic orientation of gypsy moth males and its modification by the attractant pheromone (+)‐disparlure during walking

The effects of unilateral antennectomy on the flight behaviour of male Heliothis virescens in a pheromone plume

Chemical Plume Tracking Behavior in Animals and Mobile Robots

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