Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. Influence of Pheromone Concentration and Visual Cues on Aerial Odor-Trail following by Males of Pectinophora gossypiella1,2

Farkas, Stanley R.; Shorey, H. H.; Gaston, Lyle K.

doi:10.1093/aesa/67.4.633

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Flying male moths, orientating upwind to a pheromone source, adjust their air speed to compensate for changes in wind speed, so that their upwind ground speed remains approximately the same regardless of wind speed (Marsh et al, 1978;Carde & Hagaman, 1979;Kuenen 62 Baker, 1982a;M u r k et al, 1982;Preiss 62 Kramer, 1983). Furthermore, it has been shown that they reduce their upwind ground speed as they approach a pheromone source (Marsh et al, 1978;Murlis et al, 1982), probably as a response to the higher timeaveraged concentration of pheromone in the plume as it narrows closer to the source (Farkas et al, 1974;Card6 & Hagaman, 1979;Sanders et al, 1981;Kuenen & Baker, 1982b). Data presented in this paper indicate that the same behaviour is true for male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…A logical explanation of this, based on laboratory observations on a number of species of moths (Farkas el al., 1974;Card& & Hagaman, 1979;Kuenen & Baker, 1982b) including the spruce budworm is that the moths reduce their air speed in response to the higher concentrations of pheromone as the plume narrows closer to its source. This they do by reducing wingbeat frequency while maintaining the same turn angles in their zigzagging (Farkas et al, 1974;Kuenen & Baker, 1982b;Marsh et a/. , 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flight speed of male spruce bud worm moths in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and at different distances from a pheromone source

Sanders

1985

Physiological Entomology

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ABSTRACT. Flying male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]) moths responding to virgin females and to synthetic pheromone in a wind tunnel maintained a constant rate of upwind progress when held by moving optomotor cues at a constant distance from the pheromone source. When allowed to progress upwind to the source, however, they slowed their upwind speed progressively as they approached it. They also adjusted their flight speed to maintain similar rates of upwind progress at different wind speeds.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight speed of male spruce bud worm moths in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and at different distances from a pheromone source

Sanders

1985

Physiological Entomology

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“…Location of prey Kutschera et al (2007) and Lai et al (2011) Arthropoda Copepods Location of mate Weissburg et al (1998) Bonabeau et al (1997) and Jarau et al (2010) Farkas & Shorey (1972 and Farkas et al (1974) Cammaerts et al (1990 and Quinet & Pasteels (1995)…”

Section: Leechesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snails and their trails: the multiple functions of trail‐following in gastropods

et al. 2013

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Snails are highly unusual among multicellular animals in that they move on a layer of costly mucus, leaving behind a trail that can be followed and utilized for various purposes by themselves or by other animals. Here we review more than 40 years of experimental and theoretical research to try to understand the ecological and evolutionary rationales for trail-following in gastropods. Data from over 30 genera are currently available, representing a broad taxonomic range living in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The emerging picture is that the production of mucus trails, which initially was an adaptation to facilitate locomotion and/or habitat extension, has evolved to facilitate a multitude of additional functions. Trail-following supports homing behaviours, and provides simple mechanisms for self-organisation in groups of snails, promoting aggregation and thus relieving desiccation and predation pressures. In gastropods that copulate, trail-following is an important component in mate-searching, either as an alternative, or in addition to the release of water- or air-borne pheromones. In some species, this includes a capacity of males not only to identify trails of conspecifics but also to discriminate between trails laid by females and males. Notably, trail discrimination seems important as a pre-zygotic barrier to mating in some snail species. As production of a mucus trail is the most costly component of snail locomotion, it is also tempting to speculate that evolution has given rise to various ways to compensate for energy losses. Some snails, for example, increase energy intake by eating particles attached to the mucus of trails that they follow, whereas others save energy through reducing the production of their own mucus by moving over previously laid mucus trails. Trail-following to locate a prey item or a mate is also a way to save energy. While the rationale for trail-following in many cases appears clear, the basic mechanisms of trail discrimination, including the mechanisms by which many snails determine the polarity of the trail, are yet to be experimentally determined. Given the multiple functions of trail-following we propose that future studies should adopt an integrated approach, taking into account the possibility of the simultaneous occurrence of many selectively advantageous roles of trail-following behaviour in gastropods. We also believe that future opportunities to link phenotypic and genotypic traits will make possible a new generation of research projects in which gastropod trail-following, its multitude of functions and evolutionary trade-offs can be further elucidated.

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“…Dragonflies, locusts, and Lepidoptera exhibit a dorsal light orientation while flying (42,50,57,67,110) and pigeons have recently been shown to utilize a supplementary gravity receptor located in their intestines (33). Only locusts are yet known to stabilize their flight position by visual reactions to the inclination of the horizon (50).…”

Section: Positional Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Aspects of Spatial Orientation

Jander¹

1975

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

170

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Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. Influence of Pheromone Concentration and Visual Cues on Aerial Odor-Trail following by Males of Pectinophora gossypiella1,2

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Flight speed of male spruce bud worm moths in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and at different distances from a pheromone source

Flight speed of male spruce bud worm moths in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and at different distances from a pheromone source

Snails and their trails: the multiple functions of trail‐following in gastropods

Ecological Aspects of Spatial Orientation

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