Sex ratio distortion in<i>Glossina morsitans submorsitans</i>Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Rawlings, Peter; Maudlin, I.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300011421

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most of the females in groups A-C (Table 3) did not produce adult progeny during each ovarian cycle. Thus, at least three explanations can be proposed for the fact that females mated to ESG-males produced mainly male progeny: ESG-males pass on mainly Y-bearing sperm or non-functional Xbearing sperm (i.e., the reverse situation as proposed by Rawlings & Maudlin (1984) to explain the sex ratio distortion in a colony of G. morsitans submorsitans); reduced viability of X-bearing sperm after insemination, due to the presence of virions in the semen; increased mortality of female pre-imaginal stages, due to sex-related pathogenic effects of the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex ratio distortion and reduced lifespan of Glossina pallidipes infected with the virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia

Jaenson

1986

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A virus infection, associated with enlargement of the salivary glands (ESG) and gonadal pathology in Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae), was studied in field-caught and laboratory-reared flies. The lifespan of both sexes of infected (ESG-) flies was significantly shorter than that of flies with normal salivary glands (NSG). NSG-females, mated to infected males only or to both infected and normal males, produced predominantly male progeny. In general, NSG-parents produced only NSG-progeny, and ESGfemales only ESG-progeny. ESG-males were usually sterile, but a few NSG-females inseminated by ESGmales produced NSG-progeny. One NSG-female, mated first to an ESG-male and then to an NSG-male, produced 3 ESG-sons. As will be discussed, this virus may have important effects (reduced insemination rates, fecundity and lifespan, and sex ratio distortion) on laboratory colonies of G. pallidipes as well as on the regulation of its natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex ratio distortion and reduced lifespan of Glossina pallidipes infected with the virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia

Jaenson

1986

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…G. m. centralis (Gmc), originating from Singida, Tanzania, is also kept at about 300 females. In these colonies, the sex ratio of emergent flies is approximately 1:1, unlike the third subspecies, G. morsitans submorsitans Newstead (Gms) from the Kaduna region of Nigeria, first colonized in Lisbon, Portugal (Pinhao et al, 1970), which produces nearly three times as many females as males (Rawlings & Maudlin, 1984). This sex ratio distortion in the Gms colony inhibited the use of this colony for crossing experiments because of the shortfall of males.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of hybrid sterility between subspecies of the complex ofGlossina morsitansWestwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Rawlings¹

1985

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Crosses were made between the three subspecies of the complex of Glossina morsitans Westwood and the hybrid females backcrossed. Hybrid female fecundity was highly 'reactive' to foreign male genes when the mother was G. morsitans centralis Machado compared with the reciprocal crosses and backcrosses. Hybrid Fj males were unable to inseminate females successfully, and although in nearly a quarter of the dissections sperm was transferred to the uterus, it did not migrate to the spermathecae. Heterozygosity between the X-and Y-chromosomes and most of the autosomes led to high frequencies of sterile males, but homozygosity between the X-and Ychromosomes could still yield 30-50% sterility. Successive backcrosses of hybrid females between G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis to the latter subspecies continued to increase the frequency of fertile males. Interactions between X-chromosome and autosomal gene seemed to be responsible for hybrid male sterility, and the number of sterility genes involved appeared to be very few. Crosses involving G. morsitans submorsitans Newstead generally agreed with those between the other two subspecies, but the distortion in the sex ratio of emergent adults limited the application of the data to this subspecies. Competition experiments using sterile hybrid males and fertile males in population cages (30 cm cube) showed that suppression was possible, especially when the ratio of sterile:fertile males was 2:1. The value of sterile hybrid males in tsetse control programmes and the evolution of reproductive isolation in the complex is discussed.

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“…One or more X-linked factors cause sex ratio distortion in colonies of G. m. submorsitans from Nigeria and Burkina Faso (25)(26)(27)74). The factor has been treated as a single gene, Sr, (37), although it may be due to several genes located on one of two types of X chromosome found in G. m. submorsitans.…”

Section: Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSETSE GENETICS: Contributions to Biology, Systematics, and Control of Tsetse Flies

Gooding

Krafsur

2005

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

112

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Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) constitute a small, ancient taxon of exclusively hematophagous insects that reproduce slowly and viviparously. Because tsetse flies are the only vectors of pathogenic African trypanosomes, they are a potent and constant threat to humans and livestock over much of sub-Saharan Africa. Despite their low fecundity, tsetse flies demonstrate great resilience, which makes population suppression expensive, transient, and beyond the capacities of private and public sectors to accomplish, except over small areas. Nevertheless, control measures that include genetic methods are under consideration at national and supranational levels. There is a pressing need for sufficient laboratory cultures of tsetse flies and financial support to carry out genetic research. Here we review tsetse genetics from organismal and population points of view and identify some research needs.

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Sex ratio distortion inGlossina morsitans submorsitansNewstead (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Sex ratio distortion and reduced lifespan of Glossina pallidipes infected with the virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia

Sex ratio distortion and reduced lifespan of Glossina pallidipes infected with the virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia

The genetics of hybrid sterility between subspecies of the complex ofGlossina morsitansWestwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

TSETSE GENETICS: Contributions to Biology, Systematics, and Control of Tsetse Flies

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