Sex ratio variation in gynodioecious <i>Lobelia siphilitica</i>: effects of population size and geographic location

Caruso, Christina M.; Case, Andrea L.

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01361.x

Cited by 56 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Gender in L. siphilitica is determined by both cytoplasmic and nuclear genes (Dudle et al 2001), and the population sex ratio varies widely (0-100% females; Caruso and Case 2007). Pistillate flowers are smaller and more numerous than perfect flowers (Caruso et al 2003a;Caruso and Yakobowski 2008;Caruso 2012).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coflowering Mimulus ringens on phenotypic selection on floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica

WassinkErica

Caruso

2013

Botany

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Although interspecific competition for pollination is hypothesized to result in divergence in floral traits (i.e., character displacement), few studies have tested whether selection on these traits differs in the presence and absence of a competitor for pollination. We measured phenotypic selection on floral traits of Lobelia siphilitica growing in the presence and absence of Mimulus ringens, a potential competitor for pollination. Because L. siphilitica is gynodioecious, we estimated selection separately for female and hermaphrodite plants. The presence of M. ringens did not decrease seed set of L. siphilitica. However, the presence of M. ringens did affect selection on daily display size of female L. siphilitica; there was significant selection for smaller daily displays in the absence of M. ringens, but non-significant selection for larger displays in the presence of M. ringens. In addition, selection on flower color did not differ in the presence and absence of M. ringens, but did differ between female and hermaphrodite L. siphilitica. Consequently, our results suggest that the evolution of floral traits in L.siphilitica, but not the evolution of sexual dimorphism in these traits, can be affected by interactions for pollination with M. ringens.

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Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coflowering Mimulus ringens on phenotypic selection on floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica

WassinkErica

Caruso

2013

Botany

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“…This is because in many gynodioecious species, female plants are rare and/or absent from some populations or regions, and sexual polymorphism can be overlooked (e.g. Asikainen and Mutikainen, 2003;Nilsson and Agren, 2006;Alonso et al, 2007;Caruso and Case, 2007;Dufay et al, 2009) whereas dioecious species are relatively easy to identify. This frequency of unidentified gynodioecious species is probably higher in non-European flora as they have been searched less intensely for gynodioecious species than the European flora.…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An angiosperm-wide analysis of the gynodioecy–dioecy pathway

Dufaÿ¹,

Champelovier²,

Käfer³

et al. 2014

Annals of Botany

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Aims About 6 % of an estimated total of 240 000 species of angiosperms are dioecious. The main precursors of this sexual system are thought to be monoecy and gynodioecy. A previous angiosperm-wide study revealed that many dioecious species have evolved through the monoecy pathway; some case studies and a large body of theoretical research also provide evidence in support of the gynodioecy pathway. If plants have evolved through the gynodioecy pathway, gynodioecious and dioecious species should co-occur in the same genera. However, to date, no large-scale analysis has been conducted to determine the prevalence of the gynodioecy pathway in angiosperms. In this study, this gap in knowledge was addressed by performing an angiosperm-wide survey in order to test for co-occurrence as evidence of the gynodioecy pathway. † Methods Data from different sources were compiled to obtain (to our knowledge) the largest dataset on gynodioecy available, with 275 genera that include at least one gynodioecious species. This dataset was combined with a dioecy dataset from the literature, and a study was made of how often dioecious and gynodioecious species could be found in the same genera using a contingency table framework. † Key Results It was found that, overall, angiosperm genera with both gynodioecious and dioecious species occur more frequently than expected, in agreement with the gynodioecy pathway. Importantly, this trend holds when studying different classes separately (or sub-classes, orders and families), suggesting that the gynodioecy pathway is not restricted to a few taxa but may instead be widespread in angiosperms. † Conclusions This work complements that previously carried out on the monoecy pathway and suggests that gynodioecy is also a common pathway in angiosperms. The results also identify angiosperm families where some (or all) dioecious species may have evolved from gynodioecious precursors. These families could be the targets of future small-scale studies on transitions to dioecy taking phylogeny explicitly into account.

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“…I selected 10 families per population for inclusion in the experiment, equally divided between female and hermaphrodite mothers when possible. However, some populations contained few or no females (Caruso and Case 2007).…”

Section: Common Garden Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lobelia siphilitica can also reproduce clonally via rosettes that overwinter and produce a flowering stalk the following summer (Beaudoin Yetter 1989). Gender determination in L. siphilitica is cytonuclear (Dudle et al 2001), and female frequency varies widely among populations (0%-100%; Caruso and Case 2007).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female L. siphilitica plants can produce more but smaller flowers than co-occurring hermaphrodite plants (Caruso et al 2003a;Caruso and Yakobowski 2008). Second, multiple ecological factors vary among L. siphilitica populations, including soil moisture, annual mean temperature, and herbivory (Caruso and Case 2007). This variation in ecological conditions suggests that sexspecific selection on floral traits could differ between populations (e.g., Delph and Herlihy 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Sexual dimorphism in floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica (Lobeliaceae) is consistent across populations

Caruso

2012

Botany

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In angiosperms, the evolution of gender dimorphism is often correlated with the evolution of sexual dimorphism in floral traits. The magnitude of sexual dimorphism will reflect both sex-specific selection and constraints on evolution in response to this selection. If the evolution of sexual dimorphism is constrained by genetic correlations, then trait means are predicted to evolve more quickly than the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in the same traits. To test whether mean floral traits evolve more quickly than sexual dimorphism in these traits, I measured flower size and flower number of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica L. from 10 -14 populations across the species' range. Females produced more flowers than hermaphrodites, but neither mean flower number nor the magnitude of dimorphism in flower number varied among populations. Pistillate flowers were smaller than perfect flowers, and mean flower size varied among populations. However, the magnitude of dimorphism in flower size did not vary. My results suggest that the evolution of sexual dimorphism in flower size, but not necessarily flower number, could be constrained by within-or between-sex genetic correlations in L. siphilitica.Résumé : Chez les angiospermes, on observe souvent une corrélation entre l'évolution du dimorphisme des genres et l'évolution du dimorphisme sexuel à l'échelle des caractères floraux. L'importance du dimorphisme sexuel reflétera à la fois la sélection spécifique au sexe et les contraintes sur l'évolution en réaction à cette sélection. Si l'évolution du dimorphisme sexuel se voit contrainte par des corrélations génétiques, on peut prédire que les caractères moyens vont évoluer plus rapidement que l'importance du dimorphisme sexuel pour les mêmes caractères. Pour vérifier si les caractères floraux moyens évoluent plus rapidement que le dimorphisme sexuel chez ces caractères, l'auteure a mesuré la dimension des fleurs et le nombre de fleurs gynodioïques du Lobelia siphilitica L., dans 10 -14 populations sur l'ensemble de l'aire de l'espèce. Les femelles produisent plus de fleurs que les hermaphrodites, mais ni le nombre moyen de fleurs ni l'importance du dimorphisme dans le nombre de fleurs n'ont varié entre les populations. Les fleurs pistillées sont plus petites que les fleurs parfaites et la dimension moyenne des fleurs varie entre les populations. Cependant, la dimension du dimorphisme dans les fleurs ne varie pas. Les résultats suggèrent que l'évolution du dimorphisme sexuel dans la grandeur des fleurs, mais pas nécessairement le nombre de fleurs, pourrait subir une contrainte des corrélations génétiques entre ou à l'intérieur des sexes chez le L. syphilitica.

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Sex ratio variation in gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica: effects of population size and geographic location

Cited by 56 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of coflowering Mimulus ringens on phenotypic selection on floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica

Effect of coflowering Mimulus ringens on phenotypic selection on floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica

An angiosperm-wide analysis of the gynodioecy–dioecy pathway

Sexual dimorphism in floral traits of gynodioecious Lobelia siphilitica (Lobeliaceae) is consistent across populations

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