Sex-related differences in cortical function after medial frontal lesions in rats.

Kolb, Bryan; Cioe, Jan

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.6.1271

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We found that neuroblast production was more robust in the injured P6 than in P10 animals. These data are reminiscent of those generated in experiments performed by Bryan Kolb et al [28,29], who found that with aspiration lesions of the prefrontal cortex there was a dramatic regenerative response that was most robust in P10 animals. That we see a more robust response in slightly younger animals in the somatosensory cortex is consistent with the concept that there is a caudal-to-rostral gradient in neocortical maturation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Defining the Critical Period for Neocortical Neurogenesis after Pediatric Brain Injury

et al. 2010

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Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant and underappreciated societal problem. Whereas many TBI studies have evaluated the mechanisms of cell death after TBI, fewer studies have evaluated the extent to which regeneration is occurring. Here we used a cryoinjury model to damage the somatosensory cortex of rats at postnatal day 6 (P6), P10 and P21. We evaluated the production of new neocortical neurons using a combination of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling combined with staining for doublecortin (DCX). BrdU+/DCX+ bipolar cells were observed adjacent to the neocortical lesion, with their processes oriented perpendicular to the pial surface. As the animals aged, both the overall proliferative response as well as the production of neocortical neuroblasts diminished, with P6 animals responding most robustly, P10 animals less strongly, and P21 animals showing a very modest proliferative response and virtually no evidence of neocortical neurogenesis. When BrdU was administered at increasingly delayed intervals after the injury at P6, there was a clear difference in the number of new neuroblasts produced as a function of age, with the greatest number of new neocortical neurons produced between 4 and 7 days after the injury. These studies demonstrate that the immature brain has the capacity to produce neocortical neurons after traumatic injury, but this capacity diminishes as the brain continues to develop. Furthermore, in contrast to moderate hypoxic/ischemic brain damage in the P6 rat, where neurogenesis persists for at least 2 months, the response to cryoinjury is quite different as the neurogenic response diminishes over time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Defining the Critical Period for Neocortical Neurogenesis after Pediatric Brain Injury

et al. 2010

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“…The contrasting morphological effects in medial and lateral prefrontal cortices and sexually dimorphic differences suggest that the effect of stressful experiences on these areas will also be sex-dependent. This may partially explain the reasonably consistent increase in anxiety-like behavior that is caused by stress during development in males but not females and sex differences in the effects of prefrontal lesions both during early development and in adulthood [42, 43]. Our data indicate a reduction of spine density only in males, which may be linked to the MS procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Neonatal Stress Has a Long-Lasting Sex-Dependent Effect on Anxiety-Like Behavior and Neuronal Morphology in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus

et al. 2018

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The long-lasting effects of early stress on brain development have been well studied. Recent evidence indicates that males and females respond differently to the same stressor. We examined the chronic effects of daily maternal separation (MS) on behavior and cerebral morphology in both male and female rats. Cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated, and neuroplastic changes in 2 subregions of the prefrontal cortex (dorsal agranular insular cortex [AID] and cingulate cortex [Cg3]) and hippocampus (CA1 and dentate gyrus) were measured in adult male and female rats. The animals were subjected to MS on postnatal day (P) 3–14 for 3 h per day. Cognitive and emotional behaviors were assessed in the object/context mismatch task, elevated plus maze, and locomotor activity test in early adulthood (P87–P95). Anatomical assessments were performed in the prefrontal cortex (i.e., cortical thickness and spine density) and hippocampus (i.e., spine density). Sex-dependent effects were observed. MS increased anxiety-related behavior only in males, whereas locomotor activity was higher in females, with no effects on cognition. MS decreased spine density in the AID and increased spine density in the CA1 area in males. Females exhibited an increase in spine density in the Cg3. Our findings confirm previous work that found that MS causes long-term behavioral and anatomical effects, and these effects were dependent on sex and the duration of MS stress.

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“…Similar to humans, sex-related visuospatial performance differences have been described using the Morris water maze [Isgor and Sengelaub, 1998;Roof and Havens, 1992]. Lesion studies demonstrated that frontal lesions induced significantly greater disruption of spatial performance in female than in male rats [Kolb and Cioe, 1996] whereas lesions of the entorhinal cortex affected male more than female rats [Roof et al, 1993]. Thus, it appears promising to investigate human sex-related differences in visuospatial cognition by targeting these dimorphisms in functional neuroanatomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Spatiotemporal mapping of sex differences during attentional processing

Neuhaus¹,

Opgen‐Rhein²,

Urbanek³

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

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Functional neuroimaging studies have increasingly aimed at approximating neural substrates of human cognitive sex differences elicited by visuospatial challenge. It has been suggested that females and males use different behaviorally relevant neurocognitive strategies. In females, greater right prefrontal cortex activation has been found in several studies. The spatiotemporal dynamics of neural events associated with these sex differences is still unclear. We studied 22 female and 22 male participants matched for age, education, and nicotine with 29-channel-electroencephalogram recorded under a visual selective attention paradigm, the Attention Network Test. Visual event-related potentials (ERP) were topographically analyzed and neuroelectric sources were estimated. In absence of behavioral differences, ERP analysis revealed a novel frontal-occipital second peak of visual N100 that was significantly increased in females relative to males. Further, in females exclusively, a corresponding central ERP component at around 220 ms was found; here, a strong correlation between stimulus salience and sex difference of the central ERP component amplitude was observed. Subsequent source analysis revealed increased cortical current densities in right rostral prefrontal (BA 10) and occipital cortex (BA 19) in female subjects. This is the first study to report on a tripartite association between sex differences in ERPs, visual stimulus salience, and right prefrontal cortex activation during attentional processing.

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Sex-related differences in cortical function after medial frontal lesions in rats.

Cited by 60 publications

References 36 publications

Defining the Critical Period for Neocortical Neurogenesis after Pediatric Brain Injury

Defining the Critical Period for Neocortical Neurogenesis after Pediatric Brain Injury

Neonatal Stress Has a Long-Lasting Sex-Dependent Effect on Anxiety-Like Behavior and Neuronal Morphology in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus

Spatiotemporal mapping of sex differences during attentional processing

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