Sex, Size, and Position: A Test of Models Predicting Size at Sex Change in the Protandrous Gastropod Crepidula fornicata

Collin, Rachel

doi:10.1086/285826

Cited by 90 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The size-advantage prediction then becomes that sex change should occur at the size where the male and female RV curves intersect (even if current fertility declines). Framing predictions in terms of sexspecific RV helps explain why the timing of sex change does not always correspond with predictions based solely on sexspecific fertility [6]. It also predicts that individuals from the same population might change sex at different sizes because of the different ways that they can trade off sexspecific fertility, growth and mortality [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This favours male-female sex change (protandry). Although the mating systems of most protandrous sex changers are not well described, species for which the mating system is known are either monogamous [14] or appear to mate approximately randomly with regard to size [6,[15][16][17]. The message from the empirical data is that interspecific differences in the direction of sex change (protogyny versus protandry) are often associated with differences in the mating system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals

Munday

Buston

Warner

2006

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

337

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Here, we review recent empirical advances that have improved our understanding of why and when sex change occurs. We show that sex-changing animals use a greater diversity of strategies to increase their reproductive success than was previously recognized: some individuals change sex early, others change sex late, some individuals change sex more than once, and others do not change sex at all. These different strategies can be unified by the principle that individuals change sex when it increases their reproductive value. The breeding tactics (male, female or non-breeder) adopted by individuals often appear to be adaptive responses to their own social-ecological context and variation in these conditions results in significant differences in the timing of sex change within and between species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals

Munday

Buston

Warner

2006

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

337

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“…Sex allocation theory predicts that the optimal size to change sex in sequential hermaphrodites and the optimal allocation to male and female function in simultaneous hermaphrodites depend on the composition of an individual's mating group or local population (Charnov, 1982, and references therein). Field studies using diverse sex-changing taxa have largely borne out these predictions (Hoagland, 1978;Charnov and Anderson, 1989;Collin, 1995;Koeller et al, 2000;Morrey et al, 2002;Baldwin and Bauer, 2003;Schleicherová et al, 2006;Avise and Mank, 2009;Hoch and Cahill, 2012). Intraspecific communication must be involved in these responses to local conspecifics, but the nature of the cues or signals involved, and the mechanisms producing these patterns of optimal sex allocation have not been closely examined in many species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the Calyptraeidae, species of Crepidula are the most wellstudied animals with respect to sex change (Coe, 1938;Gould, 1952;Coe, 1953;Collin, 1995Collin, , 2013. These sedentary filter feeders vary widely in gregariousness; some species form stacks of up to 20 individuals or more, others form small stacks of two or three, and still others do not stack (Hoagland, 1978;Warner et al, 1996;Collin, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the population sex ratio can vary from heavily male-biased to heavily female-biased (Collin, 2006). Group size is thought to play a role in calyptraeid sex change, as in other sex-changing animals (Collin, 1995;Warner et al, 1996;Hoch and Cahill, 2012). In laboratory experiments, males of several Crepidula species that were raised alone changed sex earlier and at a smaller size than did similar males that were paired with a female (Coe, 1938;Hoagland, 1978;Collin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crepidula Slipper Limpets Alter Sex Change in Response to Physical Contact with Conspecifics

Carrillo-Baltodano

Collin

2015

The Biological Bulletin

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Abstract. Chemical signaling, especially signaling with waterborne cues, is an important mode of communication between conspecifics of aquatic organisms. Although conspecific associations play an important role in sex allocation of sequential hermaphroditic slipper limpets, the mode of signaling is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of conspecifics on animal size and time of sex change in the tropical slipper limpet Crepidula cf. marginalis are mediated by waterborne cues. In our experiment, pairs of snails (one small and one large) were kept in cups, either together or partitioned off with fine or coarse mesh, or partitioned, but switched from side to side to allow contact with the cup mate's pedal mucus. The larger snails that were allowed contact with the smaller companions grew faster, and generally changed sex sooner, than did the larger snails in the barrier treatments, which allowed no physical contact. The smaller snails that were allowed contact with the larger cup mate delayed sex change compared to those separated from their cup mates. We were, therefore, able to reject the hypothesis that waterborne cues mediate communication between these snails. Our results suggest that the cue that affects size and time to sex change requires some kind of physical interaction that is lost when the snails are separated. Furthermore, contact with another snail's pedal mucus does not compensate for the loss of physical contact. Since males often attach to the shell of larger females, direct contact may mediate this kind of physical interaction via positional information, physical stimulation, or contactbased chemical communication. Whatever the cue, contact with conspecifics influences both partners, resulting in, surprisingly, a higher growth rate in the larger animal and delayed sex change in the smaller animal.

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Sex determination and gender expression: Reproductive investment in snails

Koene

2017

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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SUMMARYSex determination is generally seen as an issue of importance for separate‐sexed organisms; however, when considering other sexual systems, such as hermaphroditism, sex allocation is a less‐binary form of sex determination. As illustrated here, with examples from molluscs, this different vantage point can offer important evolutionary insights. After all, males and females produce only one type of gamete, whereas hermaphrodites produce both. In addition, sperm and accessory gland products are donated bidirectionally. For reciprocal mating, this is obvious since sperm are exchanged within one mating interaction; but even unilaterally mating species end up mating in both sexual roles, albeit not simultaneously. With this in mind, I highlight two factors that play an important role in how reproductive investment is divided in snails: First, the individual's motivation to preferentially donate rather than receive sperm (or vice versa) leads to flexible behavioral performance, and thereby investment, of either sex. Second, due to the presence of both sexual roles within the same individual, partners are potentially able to influence investment in both sexual functions of their partner to their own benefit. The latter has already led to novel insights into how accessory gland products may evolve. Moreover, the current evidence points towards different ways in which allocation to reproduction can be changed in simultaneous hermaphrodites. These often differ from the separate‐sexed situation, highlighting that comparison across different sexual systems may help identify commonalities and differences in physiological, and molecular mechanisms as well as evolutionary patterns. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 132–143, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Sex, Size, and Position: A Test of Models Predicting Size at Sex Change in the Protandrous Gastropod Crepidula fornicata

Cited by 90 publications

References 17 publications

Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals

Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals

Crepidula Slipper Limpets Alter Sex Change in Response to Physical Contact with Conspecifics

Sex determination and gender expression: Reproductive investment in snails

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