Sex-specific Dose-response Associations between Night Sleep Duration and Hypertension in Iran: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

High blood pressure is a serious public health concern that significantly increases the risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Several studies suggested that sleep disorders have adverse effects on health. The current study aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure in the Iranian large general population. A total of 9865 participants aged 35-65 were included. Night sleep duration was classified as ≤5 hours, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- and ≥10-hour sleep duration. The relation between self-reported sleep duration and prevalent hypertension was examined using Logistic regression. Moreover, restricted cubic spline analysis showed the dose-response association between sleep duration and hypertension.The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 16.5%, 24.2%, and 20.5% in men, women, and the total population, respectively. Compared with reference sleep duration (7 hours) in the total population, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) for hypertension was 0.7 (95% CI: 0.55-0.88) for the group with 9-hour sleep duration and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.74-1.09) for the group with ≤5-hour sleep duration. However, there was no significant association between sleep duration and the prevalence of hypertension in the multivariable model. The age-adjusted cubic spline suggested a linear inverse association between sleep duration and prevalence of hypertension among men and the total population and a non-linear association among women. In conclusion, a 9-hour sleep duration has a negative association with prevalent hypertension. Moreover, an inverse linear association was found between night sleep duration and prevalent hypertension in the total population.