Sex-Specific Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis in Significant Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Narrative Review

Abstract

In recent decades, a burgeoning interest in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has been prompted by a heightened awareness of its prevalence and the advent of dedicated percutaneous treatment approaches. Despite considerable understanding of its intricate anatomy and response to varying pressure and loading conditions, the impact of biological sex remains a subject of investigation. While TR typically afflicts more women, significant differences in TR etiology and post-treatment outcomes have not been conclusively established. This narrative review seeks to consolidate the latest evidence concerning sex-related nuances in anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of significant tricuspid regurgitation. Through synthesizing this information, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how sex may influence the management and prognosis of this condition.