Sex-specific predictors of the prehypertension-to-hypertension progression: community-based cohort of a West-Asian population

Bozorgmanesh, Mohammadreza; Ghoreishian, Hadi; Mohebi, Reza; Azizi, Fereidoun; Hadaegh, Farzad

doi:10.1177/2047487313481757

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In a national survey, it was shown that 39.8% of Iranian subjects aged 25-70 years were prehypertensive [2]. Bozorgmanesh et al [36] reported that 5.6% of Iranian prehypertensive individuals develop hypertension annually. These findings and our results for SBP and DBP warn that preventive programs should focus on individuals with prehypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Asgari

Moazzeni

Azizi

et al. 2020

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Background: Hypertension, with a prevalence of 25.6% is a serious public health concern in Iran. Objective: To investigate the population-based incidence of hypertension and its potential risk factors in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 13.1 years. Methods: A total of 6,533 non-hypertensive participants (women = 3,639), aged ≥20 years participated in the study. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates per 1000 person-years were calculated for each sex, separately. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors. Results: The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (95% CI) of hypertension per 1000 person-years were 29.7 (27.8-31.6) and 34.9 (32.5-37.4) among men and 25.8 (24.3-27.3) and 38.7 (35.5-42.0) among women, respectively. The incidence rate of hypertension in younger age groups was higher among men. However, after the 4 th decade, the incidence rate was higher among women. Significant interactions of sex with age groups, body mass index categories, marital status, hypertriglyceridemia and glycemic categories were found in multivariable analyses (all p-values < 0.05). In the multivariable model, the risk in both sexes was found to be significantly associated with older age, obesity, and normal or high normal blood pressure (BP). Moreover, factors such as being overweight [HR: 1.20 (1.00-1.44)], former smoking [2.15 (1.52-3.04)], hypertriglyceridemia [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and pre-diabetes status [1.19 (1.02-1.39)] were significant predictors of incident hypertension among women. Central obesity was found to be a significant predictor among men [1.26 (1.03-1.54)]. The optimism-corrected Harrell's C index (95% CI) in the categorical adjusted model was 0.75 (0.74-0.79) among men and 0.75 (0.74-0.76) among women. Conclusion: In the Tehranian population, nearly 2.7% of total participants (3% of men and 2.6% of women) develop hypertension each year. Obesity and high BP levels are the main modifiable risk factors in both sexes. Hypertriglyceridemia, prediabetes and former smoking are risk factors for hypertension among women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Asgari

Moazzeni

Azizi

et al. 2020

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“…This condition is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as total mortality ( 5 ). Pre-hypertension is highly prevalent in Iran (about 46% of Iranians aged 25 - 64) and considering its high progression rate of 56% over seven years to hypertension, it predicts an alarming trend ( 6 , 7 ). The data highlights the need for identifying the predisposing factors of pre-hypertension in Iranian populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Pre-Hypertension Among Tehranian Adults: A Novel Application of Structural Equation Models

Taherian

Jalali-Farahani

Karimi

et al. 2018

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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BackgroundPre-hypertension is proposed as an independent risk factor for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the main factors associated with pre-hypertension via testing a hypothesized model in Tehranian adults.MethodsThe study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) between 2009 - 2011 on 4640 adults without hypertension, aged ≥ 20 years.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 38.61 ± 12.14 years and 56.6% of them were female. More than one third of the studied participants had pre-hypertension (35.4%) with significantly higher prevalence in males compared to females (46.5% vs. 26.9%; χ2 = 190.7, P < 0.001). Age, waist circumference (WC), and serum triglyceride concentrations (TG) were directly associated with pre-hypertension in both men (β = 0.16, β = 0.25, and β = 0.11, respectively) and women (β = 0.16, β = 0.21 and β = 0.09, respectively). Physical activity, only in men (β = 0.07), and marital status only, in women (β = -0.06), were also directly associated with pre-hypertension. Both healthy and poor dietary patterns showed indirect associations with pre-hypertension in both genders via WC and TG. Higher age and lower education in both genders, being married only in men, and unemployed status only in women, were positively associated with pre-hypertension via behavioral and cardio-metabolic factors.ConclusionsLevel of TG and WC in both genders are direct modifiable associated factors of pre-hypertension. These findings could be considered in designing future health promotion programs aimed at preventing high blood pressure and its consequences among Tehranian adults.

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“…Prehypertension and hypertension each affect about 30% of the world adult population and increase the risk of incidents of CVD [3, 5, 37]. According to a 7-year follow-up study of 25,079 prehypertensive people, the annual progression rate of prehypertension to hypertension is more than 5.5% [38]. Prehypertension is also a major risk for heart attacks, strokes, congestive heart failure, kidney failure, and cognitive decline [39–41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 12-Week Supplementation of a Polyherbal Formulation in Old Adults with Prehypertension/Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Shen

Xing

Zhu

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Uncontrolled blood pressure is the leading cause of mortality and disability due to associated cerebral and cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure. More than one-third of the old adult population have hypertension or prehypertension and many of their blood pressure are poorly controlled. Objective. We hypothesized that plant extracts-based antioxidants may benefit those with prehypertension/hypertension. Method. One hundred age- and gender-matched healthy older adults were randomly assigned to receive HyperBalance capsules (n=50) or placebo (n=50) at Tang-Qiao Community Health Service Center, Shanghai. Blood pressure and severity scores of hypertension treatment-related symptoms (dizziness, headache, ringing/buzzing in ears, rapid heart rate, and chest tightness) were evaluated before and after the 12-week intervention. Results. Ninety-eight people completed the study, with 2 dropouts in the placebo group before the end of the study. Forty-one subjects (82%) of the HyperBalance group and 40 subjects (83.3%) of the placebo group had prehypertension (systolic blood pressures (SBP) between 130-139 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 85-89mmHg), and 9 subjects (18%) in the HyperBalance group and 8 subjects (16.7%) in the placebo group had hypertension (≥140/90mmHg) before the intervention. HyperBalance significantly (P<0.01) reduced SBP from 136.18±4.38 to 124.14±3.96 mmHg and reduced DBP from 82.45±2.91 to 80.24±2.41mmHg, respectively, and reversed all 9 hypertension people to normotension or prehypertension state, whereas the placebo moderately reduced SBP from 135.79±4.22 to 132.35±4.656mmHg and reduced DBP from 82.90±3.07 to 82.27±3.01mmHg. All symptom severity scores became significantly lower in the HyperBalance group than in the placebo group after HyperBalance intervention: dizziness (0.82±0.44; vs 2.02±0.64, P<0.01); headache (0.46±0.50; vs 1.81±0.61, P<0.01); ringing/buzzing in ears (0.44±0.50; vs 1.04±0.29, P<0.01); and rapid heart rate and chest tightness (0.30±0.46; vs 0.92±0.28, P<0.01). Conclusion. Polyherbal supplementation such as HyperBalance could benefit old adults with prehypertension/hypertension and improve treatment-related symptoms. Further studies are needed to validate the current findings.

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Sex-specific predictors of the prehypertension-to-hypertension progression: community-based cohort of a West-Asian population

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Factors Associated with Pre-Hypertension Among Tehranian Adults: A Novel Application of Structural Equation Models

Effects of 12-Week Supplementation of a Polyherbal Formulation in Old Adults with Prehypertension/Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

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