2021
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.626101
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Sex-Specific Survival, Growth, Immunity and Organ Development in Preterm Pigs as Models for Immature Newborns

Abstract: Background: After very preterm birth, male infants show higher mortality than females, with higher incidence of lung immaturity, neurological deficits, infections, and growth failure. In modern pig production, piglets dying in the perinatal period (up to 20%) often show signs of immature organs, but sex-specific effects are not clear. Using preterm pigs as model for immature infants and piglets, we hypothesized that neonatal survival and initial growth and immune development depend on sex.Methods: Using data f… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…but with limited effects later, as shown in another study by Bæk et al. The studies in preterm pigs confirm the remarkable immunological adaptive capacity of immature and compromised newborns ( 12 , 13 , 36 ).…”
Section: Fetal Insults Affecting Newborn Immune Developmentsupporting
confidence: 53%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…but with limited effects later, as shown in another study by Bæk et al. The studies in preterm pigs confirm the remarkable immunological adaptive capacity of immature and compromised newborns ( 12 , 13 , 36 ).…”
Section: Fetal Insults Affecting Newborn Immune Developmentsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…Yet, infants being born both preterm and IUGR are at highest risk for adverse outcomes, especially when combined with perinatal inflammation. In preterm pigs, moderate growth restriction at birth has limited NEC effects (35) but induces immune suppression in the first week, as shown in another study by Baek et al but with limited effects later, as shown in another study by Baek et al The studies in preterm pigs confirm the remarkable immunological adaptive capacity of immature and compromised newborns (12,13,36).…”
Section: Fetal Insults Affecting Newborn Immune Developmentmentioning
confidence: 60%
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“…The above studies highlight the value of the preterm pig as a preclinical model to evaluate the function and nutritional availability of milk diets, supplements, and novel ingredients in the clinical support of preterm human infants. It is also notable that, besides gut complications (feeding intolerance and NEC), this model incorporates a range of the complications that are commonly known from moderately and very preterm infants, such as respiratory insufficiency; impaired growth; dysmotility; high sepsis sensitivity; metabolic derangements; and kidney, liver, and brain dysfunctions [ 158 , 159 , 175 , 176 ]. The integration of all of these complications into the same clinical model is a great advantage over other (rodent) models in neonatology, because any intervention, including the first milk diet, is likely to have multi-organ effects.…”
Section: Bovine Colostrum For Growth Development and Immunitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies on motor skills in preterm pigs showed that more days were required to achieve basic motor skills (time to first stand and walk), with lower overall physical activity level, compared with term pigs (9)(10)(11). Similarly, in preterm infants delayed or absent physical movement predict a delay in onset of first walking (6) and walking coordination (1,19). A previous study on gait development at 1 week of age in preterm and term pigs revealed only minor differences, although shorter strides and step lengths were present in preterm pigs after normalization for their smaller size (9).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%