2005
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.006
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Sex steroid-related genes and male-to-female transsexualism

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Cited by 137 publications
(83 citation statements)
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“…Twin and family research has shown that genetic factors play a part (78,79). Rare chromosomal abnormalities may lead to transsexuality (80), and it was recently found that polymorphisms of the genes for ERα and ERβ, AR repeat length polymorphism, and polymorphisms in the aromatase or CYP17 gene also produced an increased risk (79,81,82). Abnormal hormone levels during early development may play a role, as suggested by the high frequency of polycystic ovaries, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals.…”
Section: Transsexualitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Twin and family research has shown that genetic factors play a part (78,79). Rare chromosomal abnormalities may lead to transsexuality (80), and it was recently found that polymorphisms of the genes for ERα and ERβ, AR repeat length polymorphism, and polymorphisms in the aromatase or CYP17 gene also produced an increased risk (79,81,82). Abnormal hormone levels during early development may play a role, as suggested by the high frequency of polycystic ovaries, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals.…”
Section: Transsexualitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The genetic background of gender incongruence is largely unidentified, but in twins, monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs show a higher concordance of gender incongruence than dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (Heylens et al, 2012), suggesting genetic involvement in the development of gender incongruence. Several other studies looked into polymorphisms of sex steroid-related genes as possible candidates for a role in the development of gender incongruence (Bentz et al, 2008, Fernandez et al, 2014Hare et al, 2009;Henningsson et al, 2005).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bisher konnten keine eindeutigen kausalen Zusammenhänge zur Entwicklung von Transsexualität nachgewiesen werden. Eine neuere Studie (Henningsson et al 2005) weist wieder auf einen steuernden genetischen Einfluss hin.…”
Section: Biologische Theorienunclassified