Sex Steroids and the Periosteum—Reconsidering the Roles of Androgens and Estrogens in Periosteal Expansion

Vanderschueren, Dirk; Venken, Katrien; Ophoff, Jill; Bouillon, Roger; Boonen, Steven

doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1766

Cited by 135 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Following the mechanostat theory, the considerable increase in muscle mass imposes a higher strain on bone which stimulates higher bone modeling and remodeling (25). Indeed, muscle mass constitutes one of the main triggers in periosteal bone formation during puberty (6,25,26), and a beneficial effect of structured exercise in premenopausal women on femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD was demonstrated in a recent (27). In some of these trials, the training indeed promoted bone formation (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and visualizing bone geometry can contribute for unraveling the interactions of sex steroid with trabecular and cortical bone. Sex steroids also influence bone size: men develop larger periosteal (outer) and endosteal (inner) circumference than women, partly due to the interplay of sex steroids, mechanical loading, and the growth hormone (GH)/ insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-axis during puberty (4,5,6). In adulthood, periosteal apposition continues, but at a slower rate in women than in men (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Caenegem

Wierckx

Taes

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

130

106

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Purpose: To assess the evolution of body composition and bone metabolism in trans men during the first year of cross-sex hormonal therapy. Methods: In a prospective controlled study, we included 23 trans men (female-to-male trans persons) and 23 age-matched control women. In both groups, we examined grip strength (hand dynamometer), biochemical markers of bone turnover (C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP)), total body fat and lean mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat and muscle area at the forearm and calf, bone geometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), before treatment and after 1 year of treatment with undecanoate (1000 mg i.m./12 weeks). Results: Before hormonal treatment, trans men had similar bone and body composition compared with control women. Testosterone treatment induced in trans men a gain in muscle mass (C10.4%) and strength and loss of fat mass (K9.7%) (all P!0.001) and increased the levels of P1NP and CTX (both P!0.01). Areal and volumetric bone parameters remained largely unchanged apart from a small increase in trabecular vBMD at the distal radius and in BMD at the total hip in trans men (PZ0.036 and PZ0.001 respectively). None of these changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: Short-term testosterone treatment in trans men increased muscle mass and bone turnover. The latter may rather reflect an anabolic effect of testosterone treatment rather than bone loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Caenegem

Wierckx

Taes

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

130

106

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“…Finally, participants in all studies had received varying amounts of GH and androgen therapy, which have both been shown to affect bone health. (39)(40)(41)(42) Therefore, these discrepancies in age and prior drug exposure may affect findings and complicate between-study comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compromised trabecular microarchitecture and lower finite element estimates of radius and tibia bone strength in adults with turner syndrome: A cross-sectional study using high-resolution–pQCT

Hansen

Brixen

Gravholt

2012

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Although bone mass appear ample for bone size in Turner syndrome (TS), epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of fracture in TS. We used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to measure standard morphological parameters of bone geometry and microarchitecture, as well as estimated bone strength by finite element analysis (FEA) to assess bone characteristics beyond bone mineral density (BMD) that possibly contribute to the increased risk of fracture. Thirty-two TS patients (median age 35, range 20-61 years) and 32 healthy control subjects (median age 36, range 19-58 years) matched with the TS participants with respect to age and body-mass index were studied. A full region of interest (ROI) image analysis and a height-matched ROI analysis adjusting for differences in body height between groups were performed. Mean bone cross-sectional area was lower in TS patients in radius (À15%) and tibia (À13%) (both p < 0.01) whereas cortical thickness was higher in TS patients in radius (18%, p < 0.01) but not in tibia compared to controls. Cortical porosity was lower in TS patients at both sites (À32% in radius, À36% in tibia, both p < 0.0001). Trabecular integrity was compromised in TS patients with lower bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) (À27% in radius, À22% in tibia, both p < 0.0001), trabecular number (À27% in radius, À12% in tibia, both p < 0.05), and higher trabecular spacing (54% in radius, 23% in tibia, both p < 0.01). In the height-matched ROI analysis, differences remained significant apart from total area at both sites, cortical thickness in radius, and trabecular number in tibia. FEA estimated failure load was lower in TS patients in both radius (À11%) and tibia (À16%) (both p < 0.01) and remained significantly lower in the height-matched ROI analysis. Conclusively, TS patients had compromised trabecular microarchitecture and lower bone strength at both skeletal sites, which may partly account for the increased risk of fracture observed in these patients. ß

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“…Factors influencing cell phenotype include sex steroids [41,43], endogenous growth factors [26,45] and mechanical loading environment in vivo [27,42], and isolation [30], culture methods [8,13,20,31,37] and the donor site [14] in vitro. Lim [24] identified potential precursor populations within periosteal cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

Ball

Bonzani

Bovis

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Periosteal cells are important in embryogenesis, fracture healing, and cartilage repair and could provide cells for osteochondral tissue engineering. Questions/purpose We determined whether a population of cells isolated from human periosteal tissue contains cells with a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) phenotype and whether these cells can be expanded in culture and used to form tissue in vitro. Methods We obtained periosteal tissue from six patients. Initial expression of cell surface markers was assessed using flow cytometry. Cells were cultured over 10 generations and changes in gene expression evaluated to assess phenotypic stability. Phenotype was confirmed using flow cytometry and colony-forming ability assays. Mineral formation was assessed by culturing Stro-1 À and unsorted cells with osteogenic supplements. Three cell culture samples were used for a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, four for flow cytometry, three for colony-forming assay, and three for mineralization. Results Primary cultures, containing large numbers of hematopoietic cells were replaced initially by Stro-1 and ALP-expressing immature osteoblastic cell types and later by ALP-expressing cells, which lacked Stro-1 and which became the predominant cell population during subculture.

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Sex Steroids and the Periosteum—Reconsidering the Roles of Androgens and Estrogens in Periosteal Expansion

Abstract: Simple concepts of the roles of sex steroids in periosteal apposition have to be reconsidered in the context of these recent findings.

Cited by 135 publications

References 54 publications

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Compromised trabecular microarchitecture and lower finite element estimates of radius and tibia bone strength in adults with turner syndrome: A cross-sectional study using high-resolution–pQCT

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

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