Sex Trafficking: The “Other” Crisis in Mexico?

Risley, Amy

doi:10.1111/j.1557-203x.2010.01060.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Poverty and economic desperation are microlevel economic influences in FSWs' risk environment (Strathdee et al, 2011). Macrolevel markets for commercial sex and drugs also shape the risk environment, with demand for child (and adult) sex tourism strongly influencing the nature and risks associated with sex work in sex tourism settings (S. Cohen, 2005;Miko, 2006;Risley, 2010). Living costs, fees associated with sex work registration, and the cost of health and social services also influence risk at the macro level.…”

Section: Physical Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexuality and sex work.

Urada¹,

Goldenberg²,

Shannon³

et al. 2014

APA Handbook of Sexuality and Psychology, Vol. 2: Contextual Approaches.

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Sex work is a complex topic with multiple perspectives. We begin this chapter with definitions of and perspectives on sex work, pathways into sex work, and overlapping pathways of sex work and drug use. We then discuss the legal aspects of sex work and adverse impacts of criminalization, decriminalization, legalization, and sex work regulations and provide a description of sex work and sexuality.We also describe the theories and conceptual frameworks applied to sex work. We discuss structural theories and frameworks, including the risk environment heuristic, which includes interacting social, policy, physical, and economic influences at macro and micro levels, the social ecological model, and theories of structural violence. Interpersonal theories described in this chapter include feminist theories and the theory of gender and power. Individual-level theories included are social cognitive theory and the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior.Next, we describe research methods such as survey research methods and sampling strategies (venue-based random sampling, time-location sampling, and respondent-driven sampling). Community-based participatory methods and mixed methods are also described, using case study examples from the Philippines and Mexico.We then discuss applications of these theories and methods to real-world issues facing sex workers, including reproductive health (pregnancy, contraception, and abortion), HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks, mental health, substance use, and violence. We also highlight the unique nature of these issues among hidden populations, such as male, transgender, and underage sex workers. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of knowledge gaps and recommended research directions. DEFINITIONS OF AND PERSPECTIVES REGARDING SEX WORKBecause definitions of sex work and its related harms are often rooted in debates in which moral arguments and health and criminal justice policies compete for priority (Cusick, 2006), we begin this chapter with a review of these perspectives, the current research, and their implications for public health.

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Section: Physical Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexuality and sex work.

Urada¹,

Goldenberg²,

Shannon³

et al. 2014

APA Handbook of Sexuality and Psychology, Vol. 2: Contextual Approaches.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[This] theory suggests that people underestimate outcomes that are probable as compared to outcomes that are obtained with certainty.” This idea, a cost–benefit analysis of the lesser evil, is particularly relevant to the population of surrogate mothers in Guatemala and in India as a “choice” to participate in global commercial surrogacy over other more oppressive forms of work, including sex work. To put it bluntly, the choice between 9 months of being well-fed and medically monitored as a surrogate (even if behind lock and key) is far superior to being forced into prostitution internally or trafficked for sex in other nations like neighboring Mexico or beyond, where women face brutal conditions of sex work/slavery (Risley, 2010). To some women, commercial surrogacy is also superior to working in a textile or other factory where the wages are poor and the commute to and from work is dangerous.…”

Section: Self-determination and Free Will In The Context Of Human Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Decline in Intercountry Adoptions and New Practices of Global Surrogacy

Rotabi

Bromfield

2012

Affilia

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Intercountry adoption (ICA) has declined significantly since 2004. Now with fewer options for family building with a healthy child or infant via ICA, global surrogacy appears to be replacing the practice in some cases. This article presents a brief history of ICA and ethical dilemmas and human rights concerns and explores global surrogacy, starting with surrogacy practices in India. It then considers the new and emerging practice of surrogacy in Guatemala, with concerns about informed consent in the context of poverty and human rights abuses, including human trafficking and violence against women.

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“…At the macro-level, markets for commercial sex and drugs are wider economic influences on the risk environment. The role of Mexico-U.S. border cities as popular destinations for child (and adult) sex tourists from the U.S., Mexico, and international locations strongly shape the risk environment they pose(76, 77). Living costs, fees associated with sex work registration, and the cost of HIV prevention resources (e.g., syringes) also influence risk at the macro-level, such as through syringe sharing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Underage Sex Work Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico–US Border Cities

et al. 2011

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Although sex work and younger age increase HIV vulnerability, empirical data regarding the impacts of underage sex work are lacking. We explored associations between features of the risk environment, sex work and drug use history, and underage sex work entry among 624 female sex workers(FSWs) in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Forty-one percent (n=253) of women began sex work as minors, among whom HIV and any STI/HIV prevalence were 5.2% and 60.7%. Factors independently associated with increased odds of underage sex work were inhalants as the first drug used, forced first injection, number of drug treatment attempts, and recent receptive syringe-sharing. Number of recent condom negotiation attempts with steady partners and depression as a reason for first injecting were negatively associated with underage entry. These results underscore the importance of efforts to prevent underage sex work and the wider factors contributing to HIV risk among vulnerable youth and underage FSWs.

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Sex Trafficking: The “Other” Crisis in Mexico?

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Sexuality and sex work.

Sexuality and sex work.

The Decline in Intercountry Adoptions and New Practices of Global Surrogacy

Exploring the Impact of Underage Sex Work Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico–US Border Cities

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