Sex typing in play and popularity in middle childhood

Moller, Lora C.; Hymel, Shelley; Rubin, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1007/bf00289916

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Data seem to suggest that the move away from parents in a way similar to an emotional detachment may be particularly critical for males during adolescence. We might read it in the light of literature that underlines that girls report higher levels of empathic concern and emotional support from friendships than boys (Clark and Ayers 1993): we may hypothesize that emotional detachment from parents during adolescence represents a condition that drives to self-destructive thoughts for boys but not for girls, who seem more able to rely on peer support (Moller et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relations Between Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Emotional Autonomy from Parents in Adolescence

Pace

Zappulla

2010

J Child Fam Stud

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We examined the relations between depression, emotional autonomy quality-related constructs of separation and detachment, and suicidal ideation, focusing on the unique and common contribution that depression, separation and detachment made to suicidal ideation. We also examined gender differences. 403 adolescents, 196 boys and 207 girls, completed self-report measures of depression, separation and detachment, and suicidal ideation. The data showed a significant relation between depression and suicidal ideation both for boys and girls, and between detachment and suicidal ideation only for boys. Results for boys supported an additive model such that depression and detachment each contributed unique variance to boys' suicidal ideation, and an interactive model such that detachment contributed to exacerbate the risk of suicidal ideation when boys were already at risk because of depression. The data for girls supported an interactive, but not additive, model such that depression and detachment did not contribute independently to girls' suicidal ideation but in a joint way.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relations Between Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Emotional Autonomy from Parents in Adolescence

Pace

Zappulla

2010

J Child Fam Stud

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“…Boys tend to play in more public places, and with less prox-300 The Journal of Genetic Psychology imity to, surveillance by, and structuring from, adults (e.g., Carpenter & HustonStein, 1980;Powlishta et al, 1993;Thorne, 1986). Boys' play is rougher than girls' and involves more body contact (DiPietro, 1981;Moller, Hymel, & Rubin, 1992). Verbal and physical tights are also more frequent in boys' groups than in girls' groups.…”

Section: Play/lnteraction-style Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender Segregation in Childhood: A Test of the Interaction Style Theory

Hoffmann

Powlishta²

2001

The Journal of Genetic Psychology

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The authors investigated the play/interaction-style theory of gender segregation with a sample of 39 children aged 2 to 5 years (primarily Caucasian). According to this theory, children prefer playmates with styles of play or interaction that are similar to their own. Because such styles are sex differentiated, same-sex playmate preference (i.e., gender segregation) results. The authors observed children during free play to determine preferred playmates and gender segregation level, and they used teacher ratings to derive play/interaction-style scores. The authors used a multiple regression approach to path analysis to analyze effects of sex of participant, participants' play/interaction-style scores, playmates' play/interaction-style scores, and degree of gender segregation to determine their effects on one another. The authors observed significant levels of gender segregation, with highly aggressive or active children displaying less segregation than their peers did. However, gender segregation was not associated with a preference for playmates with similar play or interaction styles.

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“…Self-report studies of middle childhood youth are less consistent, with some studies yielding significant effects favoring girls (Parker & Asher, 1993;Rose, 2002) and others yielding no sex difference (Buhrmester & Furman, 1987;Patterson et al, 1990;Zarbatany et al, 2000). When observational methods are employed, girls are also generally found to self disclose more than boys (Lansford & Parker, 1999;McNelles & Connolly, 1999).In terms of boys' peer groups, studies examining rough-and-tumble play with youth ranging from preschool to middle childhood generally produce large effect sizes and favor boys (DiPietro, 1981;Humphreys & Smith, 1987;Ladd, 1983;Martin & Fabes, 2001;Moller et al, 1992). In the few cases in which significant effects did not emerge the samples were very small (15 or less, Humphreys & Smith, 1987, 9 year old sample; Ladd, 1983, popular and average samples), and available effect sizes for one of these studies were nevertheless large and favored boys.…”

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confidence: 99%

A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys.

Rose

Rudolph

2006

Psychological Bulletin

2,036

157

1,831

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Theory and research on sex differences in adjustment focus largely on parental, societal, and biological influences. However, it also is important to consider how peers contribute to girls' and boys' development. This paper provides a critical review of sex differences in: several peerrelationship processes, including behavioral and social-cognitive styles, stress and coping, and relationship provisions. Based on this review, a speculative peer-socialization model is presented that considers the implications of these sex differences for girls' and boys' emotional and behavioral development. Central to this model is the idea that sex-linked relationship processes have costs and benefits for girls' and boys' adjustment. Finally, we present recent research testing certain model components and propose approaches for testing understudied aspects of the model. Keywordspeer relationships; sex differences; emotional adjustment; behavioral adjustment From a very early age, significant differences are found in the peer relationships of girls and boys. What are the potential implications of this consistent pattern of sex differences for youth? The purpose of the present paper is to review, synthesize, and critique existing research concerning the presence of sex differences in several key aspects of youths' relationships, particularly in the peer group context. Based on this critical review, we then introduce a speculative model concerning the influence of sex differences in these peer relationship processes on the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Finally, this review and speculative model are used as a springboard for identifying critical future directions for research on sex differences in relationships processes and associated developmental outcomes.We focus on sex differences in three major domains of relationship processes: relationship style-including both behavioral and social-cognitive components, stress and coping processes, and emotional provisions in relationships. Several factors determined our selection of these relationship processes for inclusion in our review. The overarching goal of this review is to generate ideas about the influence of sex differences in relationship processes on well-being in girls and boys. Thus, we focused in general on relationship Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Amanda J. Rose, 210 McAlester Hall, Department of Psychology, University of Columbia, Missouri 65211, RoseA@missouri.edu NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript processes that we hypothesized would have potential implications for understanding sex differences in emotional and behavioral development. With this goal in mind, we used three criteria to select specific dimensions for review. First, we focus on relationship processes that are emphasized in existing theoretical models of sex differences in relationships (e.g., Burhmester, 1996;Cross & Madson, 1997;Helgeson, 1994;Maccoby, 1990; NolenHoeksema & Girgus, 1994). Second, we ...

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Sex typing in play and popularity in middle childhood

Cited by 75 publications

References 27 publications

Relations Between Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Emotional Autonomy from Parents in Adolescence

Relations Between Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Emotional Autonomy from Parents in Adolescence

Gender Segregation in Childhood: A Test of the Interaction Style Theory

A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys.

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