Sex, urban/rural and minority differences in educational attainment in Soviet and post-Soviet Tajikistan

Abstract

This paper analyses the educational attainment of Tajikistani adults born between 1947 and 1989. Adults in the oldest cohorts completed school during the educational expansion of the Soviet period and the youngest cohorts completed their education in the post-Soviet period, which was marked by educational contraction. To date, there is not a clear picture of attainment trends during the Soviet period that provide a perspective for judging educational attainment in the post-Soviet period. Using household survey data collected in 2007 by the World Bank, I conduct a synthetic cohort analysis to estimate the likelihood of completing basic, secondary and higher education for men and women; urban and rural residents and ethnic majority and minority citizens. Findings for particular groups are mixed, but in general the gap in educational attainment between advantaged groups and disadvantaged groups narrows during the Soviet era, but widens in the post-Soviet period.

Stakeholders’ perceptions of the quality of education in rural schools in Kazakhstan

“…Several studies conducted mainly by international organizations working during the early stage of post-transition crises (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) have highlighted education inequalities among schools in many of the post-Soviet independent states of Central Asia. These include, for example, DeYoung (2006), Micklewright (1999), Oralova (2012), Seitzhanova et al (2015), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF, 2008), andWhitsel (2012). These studies have identified inequalities in educational institutions pertaining to gender, location, wealth, ethnicity, and language.…”