Sexismo y tríada oscura de la personalidad en adolescentes: el rol mediador de la desconexión moral

Abstract

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud indica que es necesario eliminar los valores, las actitudes y los estereotipos basados en el género que afectan la salud y el bienestar de las niñas y mujeres en el mundo. Desde la psicología de la personalidad, algunos trabajos científicos han demostrado que rasgos como la triada oscura de la personalidad (maquiavelismo, psicopatía y narcisismo) y la desconexión moral aumentan la susceptibilidad al sesgo de género, la amenaza y la agresión interpersonal. Como contribución al diseño de un perfil personológico propenso a aceptar y justificar las actitudes sexistas, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue estudiar el rol mediador de la desconexión moral entre la triada oscura de la personalidad y el sexismo ambivalente en adolescentes. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 803 adolescentes (M = 15.33, DT = 0.99; 50.3% chicos) tras utilizar un muestreo por conveniencia para realizar un análisis de la varianza y la comparación de varios modelos mediacionales a partir de la técnica de bootstrapping. Resultados: Los rasgos de la triada oscura de la personalidad se relacionan directa y significativamente con el sexismo hostil y benevolente de los/as adolescentes, y la desconexión moral tiene un efecto mediador importante en esta relación. Conclusiones: Finalmente, se discute cómo trabajar la desconexión moral para la transformación de estas creencias y actitudes de género que perpetúan la discriminación hacia las adolescentes en programas de prevención.

Is the link between the Dark Tetrad and the acceptance of sexual violence mediated by sexual machismo?

“…The mediation hypotheses were supported by the results; individuals high in the Dark Tetrad traits were found to show a higher tendency to accept sexual violence, with this association being partially explained by a higher proneness to display sexist beliefs. This result is in line with previous associations between the Dark Tetrad and machismo and related constructs (e.g., sexism, hypermasculinity) (Gluck et al, 2020;Navas et al, 2022;Sanchez-Ruiz et al, 2021), and between the latter and the acceptance of sexual violence (Sanchez-Ruiz et al, 2021;Shafer et al, 2018;Stoll et al, 2018). Taken together, these findings indicate that individuals with less empathy, a higher emotional coldness, and a higher tendency to exploit others (i.e., with higher levels of the Dark Tetrad traits) are more likely to undervalue and be accepting of sexual violence, with this acceptance being partially explained by sexist beliefs.…”

“…The primary aim of this study is to explore the possible mediating role of sexual machismo in the associations between each of the Dark Tetrad components (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism) and the acceptance of sexual violence, both in the overall sample and separately by gender. We hypothesized that every Dark Tetrad trait would be positively associated with the acceptance of sexual violence and that sexual machismo would partially mediate these associations because (1) the Dark Tetrad is associated with machismo and related constructs (e.g., sexism, hypermasculinity) (Gluck et al, 2020; Navas et al, 2022; Sanchez‐Ruiz et al, 2021), and (2) the latter is associated with the acceptance of sexual violence (Sanchez‐Ruiz et al, 2021; Shafer et al, 2018; Stoll et al, 2018). The study also aims to examine the relative importance of each Dark Tetrad trait, as well as sexual machismo and gender, in explaining the acceptance of sexual violence.…”

“…Furthermore, not surprisingly, individuals with sexist beliefs tend to show higher rape myth acceptance (Sanchez‐Ruiz et al, 2021; Shafer et al, 2018; Stoll et al, 2018). Lastly, sexism and other similar constructs (e.g., machismo, hypermasculinity) are associated with every Dark Tetrad trait (Gluck et al, 2020; Navas et al, 2022; Sanchez‐Ruiz et al, 2021). One possible explanation for this link is gender roles in the “dark” traits: individuals high in these traits tend to be more masculine and less feminine stereotypically (Jonason & Davis, 2018), with higher gender identification in men and higher endorsement of stereotypically masculine behaviors in women being associated with sexist attitudes (Lemaster et al, 2015).…”

Psychometric properties of the Propensity to Morally Disengage Scale in Peruvian university students: internal structure and association with the dark triad

“…In addition, the dimensions' characteristics of the dark personality suggest that those personalities with a high level of Machiavellianism and psychopathy are more susceptible to cross the moral boundaries that lead to poor ethical behaviors (Sijtsema et al, 2019); while people with high levels of narcissism can be drawn to transgress moral rules due to the fact that they prioritize their personal interest over the interest of others (Egan et al, 2015). In this context, several studies have proved the positive association of MD and the dark triad components in diverse groups that present perpetrators of violence against women and men in the community (Navas et al, 2022b), organizations, (Yanuari, 2022), penitentiary field (Brugués and Caparrós, 2022), adolescents (Navas et al, 2022a), consumers (Kapoor et al, 2021), and university students (Qiao et al, 2021).…”